Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts and Catalysis

Front Cover
Elsevier, Nov 6, 2006 - Technology & Engineering - 430 pages
The declining supply of crude oils worldwide and the ever increasing demand for petroleum products from China, India, Europe and the US have recently propelled crude prices to unprecedented levels. The future availability of traditional crudes is becoming a source of discussion and debate.Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts and Catalysis offers a timely and comprehensive report on the processing of relatively inexpensive coal deposits into transportation fluids using Fisher-Tropsch process Technology. In addition to recent catalysts and process developments, the book contains the history of the Fisher-Tropsch in Germany and Japan based on captured documents by allied forces.

* Increase the understanding of FT process development* Addresses four major areas of interest in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS)
 

Contents

A History of the FischerTropsch Synthesis in Germany 1926 45
1
Advances in Japan up to 1945 Based on FischerTropsch Derived Liquids
29
A History of the BP FischerTropsch Catalyst from Laboratory to Full Scale Demonstration in Alaska and beyond
37
Loading of Cobalt on Carbon Nanofibers
45
Production of Hard Hydrocarbons from Synthesisgas over Cocontaining Supported Catalysts
75
The Function of Added Noble Metal to CoActive Carbon Catalysts for Oxygenate Fuels Synthesis via Hydroformylation at Low Pressure
87
EELSStem Investigation of the Formation of Nanozones in Iron Catalysts for FischerTropsch Synthesis
101
Effect of Mo Loading and Support Type on Hydrocarbons and Oxygenates Produced over FeMoCuK Catalysts Supported on Activated Carbons
125
Identification of Cobalt Species during Temperature Programmed Reduction of FischerTropsch Catalysts
255
Determination of the Partial Pressure of Water during the Activation of the BP GTL FischerTropsch Catalyst and its Effects on Catalyst Performance
273
Kinetics and Effect of Water for a CoAl2O3 Catalyst
289
The Pathway to the Commercial CTL CoalToLiquids Fuels Production
315
QA and Optimization Issues during Development of the Statoil FTCatalyst
327
Magnetic Separation of Nanometer Size Iron Catalyst from FischerTropsch Wax
337
Selective FischerTropsch Wax Hydrocracking Opportunity for Improvement of Overall GasToLiquids Processing
345
Methanol Synthesis in Inert or Catalytic Supercritical Fluid
367

Study of Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation over Supported Au Catalysts
141
Pure and Encapsulated into Aluminacontaining Matrices
153
The Dynamics of Structure and Function
177
Compositional Modulation Study Using an Iron Catalyst
201
Influence of Support on the Impact of CoFed Water for CobaltBased Catalysts
217
A New Process?
379
Concepts for Reduction in CO2 Emissions in GTL Facilities
401
Series Page
411
Copyright

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Page 26 - THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES TO GOVERN THE TREATMENT OF GERMANY IN THE INITIAL CONTROL PERIOD A. Political Principles 1. In accordance with the agreement on control machinery in Germany, supreme authority in Germany is exercised on instructions from their respective governments, by the...
Page 26 - Joseph Borkin, The Crime and Punishment of IG Farben, New York, 1978.
Page 4 - Germany's continuing industrialization and urbanization led to the replacement of coal with smokeless liquid fuels that not only had a higher energy content but were cleaner burning and more convenient to handle. Petroleum was clearly the fuel of the future, and to insure that Germany would never lack a plentiful supply, German scientists and engineers invented and developed two processes that enabled them to synthesize petroleum from their country's abundant coal supplies and to establish the world's...
Page 10 - The government not only guaranteed the production cost but agreed to pay IG Farben the difference between that cost and any lower market price, and to buy the gasoline if no other market emerged. Alternatively, IG Farben had to pay the government the difference between the production cost of 18.5 pfennig per liter, which was at that time more than three times the world market price, and any higher price obtained on the market. Because of increasing petroleum costs, as well as improvements in the...
Page 22 - The West German government completely removed the ban on coal hydrogenation in 1951, although by this time Ruhrol GmbH (Mathias Stinnes) had deactivated the Welheim plant, and the plants in Scholven, Gelsenberg, and Wesseling after design modifications, were hydrogenating and refining crude oil rather than hydrogenating coal. The...
Page 18 - US gallon ($1 1.2-14.4 per barrel) of gasoline. The average cost of primary products at the FT plants was a comparable 23.71-25.81 pfennig per kg (RM 240-330 per metric ton). These figures were more than double the price of imported gasoline, but for Germany, with only a limited supply of natural petroleum, no alternative remained during the war other than the construction of synthetic fuel plants. In this way Germany utilized its naturally abundant supplies of bituminous and brown coal [34].
Page 10 - Farben to produce at least 300,000-350,000 metric tons (2,490,000 barrels) of synthetic gasoline per year by the end of 1935 and to maintain this production rate until 1944. The agreement set the production cost, which included depreciation, five percent interest on IG Farben's investment, and a small profit, at 18.5 pfennig per liter (290 per US gallon).
Page 72 - Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis. A Text for Biologists, Materials Scientists, and Geologists, 2nd ed. Plenum Press, New York.

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