Similarity and Analogical ReasoningStella Vosniadou, Andrew Ortony Similarity and analogy are fundamental in human cognition. They are crucial for recognition and classification, and have been associated with scientific discovery and creativity. Any adequate understanding of similarity and analogy requires the integration of theory and data from diverse domains. This interdisciplinary volume explores current development in research and theory from psychological, computational, and educational perspectives, and considers their implications for learning and instruction. The distinguished contributors examine the psychological processes involved in reasoning by similarity and analogy, the computational problems encountered in simulating analogical processing in problem solving, and the conditions promoting the application of analogical reasoning in everyday situations. |
Contents
Similarity and the structure of concepts | 19 |
Similarity and decision making | 60 |
Applications to decision making | 66 |
Intraconcept similarity and its implications | 76 |
Twotiered concept meaning inferential matching | 122 |
Psychological essentialism | 179 |
Analogical reasoning | 197 |
A computational model of analogical problem solving | 242 |
The role of explanation | 346 |
Similarity and analogy in development | 367 |
Analogical reasoning as a mechanism in knowledge | 413 |
Remindings in learning and instruction | 438 |
because wisdom cant | 470 |
antidotes | 498 |
The activation and acquisition | 532 |
Comments on Parts I II and III | 546 |
Use of analogy in a production system architecture | 267 |
Toward a microstructural account of human | 298 |
Analogy and the exercise of creativity | 313 |
Levels of description | 332 |
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575 | |
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Common terms and phrases
abstract activation analogical mapping analogical problem solving analogical reasoning analogy Anderson artificial intelligence aspects attributes Barsalou base Bransford Brown Cambridge causal CD information CD rec chapter child Cognitive Psychology Cognitive Science complex concept representation conjunction fallacy constraints context correspondences Dedre Gentner dimensions discussed earlier example Erlbaum exemplars experience Experimental Figure function functional fixedness Gentner Gick goal graded structure Hillsdale Holyoak identity important individual inductive inference instance instruction INTERLISP involve judgments Keith Holyoak kinds knowledge representation learner learning Machine learning match mechanism Medin memory mental models Michalski model theory novices objects Ortony Osherson Paul Thagard perceptual predicates properties relations relevant remindings represent retrieval Ross rules Rumelhart sarcomere semantic slot Smith solution sorp source analog source domain specific story structure-mapping subjects surface similarity target domain tasks Thagard theory tion transfer Tversky typicality underlying understanding volume Vosniadou