Holistic Health and Biomedical Medicine: A Countersystem AnalysisHolistic Health and Biomedical Medicine outlines a new framework for social science research. Illustrated in an analysis of the American health care system, Lyng presents an empirical study of the relationship between medical knowledge and the social structure of medical practice in America. Through a synthesis of ideas from such diverse perspectives as classical Marxian theory and the medical model embraced by the holistic health movement, Lyng articulates a medical countersystem that is contrasted against the traditional biomedical model of medical practice. What results is an entirely unique Marxian analysis of the U.S. health care system, one that examines how the system evolved historically as well as describes several possibilities for the future of medicine in America. |
Contents
The Dialectical Paradigm | 9 |
THE PHILOSOPHY OF INTERNAL RELATIONS | 14 |
The Core Elements of the Philosophy of Internal Relations | 15 |
The Dialectical Theory of SocietyTwo Approaches | 23 |
THE SCIENTIFIC DIALECTICAL PERSPECTIVE | 24 |
THE PRAXIS DIALECTICAL PERSPECTIVE | 28 |
Fundamental Relations of the Social Crystal | 37 |
RELATIONS BETWEEN ELEMENTS OF THE SOCIAL SYSTEM | 40 |
Response to Disease | 113 |
Treatment of Disease | 115 |
The Structural Relations of Health Production | 119 |
THE HEALTH PRODUCTION PROCESS | 120 |
INTEREST GROUP STRUCTURE AND THE TRADITIONAL MEDICAL MODEL | 130 |
Medical Practitioners | 131 |
The Owners of the Industrial Means of Production | 135 |
The Bureaucratic Imperative | 140 |
RELATIONS BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE | 42 |
Introduction to Part II | 47 |
The Medical Model of the Future The Holistic Health CountersystemUtopia | 55 |
KNOWLEDGE CONTENT | 64 |
The Role of Subjective Consciousness in Health Production | 77 |
The Source of Organic Disfunction | 81 |
Symptoms and Organic Disfunction | 86 |
Diagnosis of Organic Disfunction | 87 |
Treatment of Organic Disfunction | 89 |
Normative Elements | 92 |
THE DISTRIBUTION OF MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE | 93 |
THE SOCIAL STRUCTURAL DIMENSION | 95 |
The Structure of Medical Practice | 96 |
CONCLUSIONS | 98 |
The Traditional Medical Model | 99 |
THE MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC PARADIGM | 100 |
The Definition of Health | 101 |
The Role of Subjective Consciousness in Health Production | 102 |
The Nature of Organic Disfunction | 104 |
Diagnosis of Disease | 112 |
INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN INTERESTS GROUPS | 146 |
THE PRINCIPLE OF ORGANIZATION | 158 |
Diachronic Analysis of Medical Practice | 163 |
THE EVOLUTION OF HEALTH STATUS | 164 |
THE EVOLUTION OF MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE | 173 |
Domestic Medicine | 174 |
The Transition to Heroic Medicine | 175 |
Thomsonian Medicine | 179 |
The Challenge of Homeopathic Medicine | 185 |
The Rise of the Medical Scientific Model | 193 |
A New Form of Holism | 196 |
THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF MEDICAL PRACTICE | 203 |
Emerging Trends Back to the Future | 221 |
WHO WILL CONTROL THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM OF THE FUTURE? | 231 |
Epilogue | 241 |
Notes | 247 |
References | 255 |
| 265 | |
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Common terms and phrases
allopathic medicine alternative analysis anatomo-clinical system approach assumptions autogenic training basic biopsychosocial model body bureaucratic capitalist causal century clinical concepts contradiction contrast corporate countersystem defined definition of health diachronic diagnosis dialectical dimensions disease dominant economic efforts elements emerging emphasizes environment epistemological existing facets factors function goal groups health and illness health care system health production process Hegel historical HMOs holistic health system homeopathic homeostatic human Gestalt ideological important individual interests involves knowledge system logic Marxian medical knowledge medical practice medical profession medical professionals medical science medical scientific model medical scientific paradigm medical sector metaorganic movement nature organic disfunction patient-practitioner relationship patients physicians political positivist potential practitioners problem professional dominance reality reductionist reflects regular medicine relations role sectarian social scientific social structural society sociology sociology of knowledge specific symptoms techniques theoretical therapeutic therapy Thomsonian tissue traditional medical model treatment whole