The Ever-Changing Sky: A Guide to the Celestial Sphere

Front Cover
Cambridge University Press, Mar 14, 2002 - Nature - 495 pages
The Ever-Changing Sky provides a comprehensive and non-mathematical guide to spherical astronomy. The reader is guided through terrestrial and celestial co-ordinate systems, time measurement and celestial navigation, to the prediction of the rising and setting of the stars, Sun and Moon. It focuses on the geometrical aspects of the night sky without using complex trigonometry. The book progresses to a general study of the Earth and sky, including the stars and constellations (with useful star maps provided), the motions and appearance of the Moon, tides and eclipses, the orbits of the planets and the smaller bodies of the Solar System (asteroids, meteors, meteorites and comets). Finally, there is a brief overview of atmospheric phenomena (including rainbows and haloes). This text will be invaluable to students taking courses in naked-eye astronomy, amateur and professional astronomers, as well as more general readers wanting to know how the night sky changes.
 

Contents

The Earth and the celestial sphere
1
11 Angles on a plane
2
12 Angles on a sphere
5
13 Poles and secondaries
8
14 Coordinates
9
15 The Earth
10
16 The sky or celestial sphere
14
17 The celestial poles and equator
18
85 Satellite navigation
219
The Moon
220
92 The lunar phases
221
93 Synodic and sidereal periods
233
94 Visible aspects of the Moon
234
95 The Moons orbit
239
96 The elements of an orbit
244
97 Perturbations of the orbit
249

18 North south east and west
21
altitude and azimuth
22
110 The orientation of the celestial sphere
25
The moving Earth and the traveling observer
28
daily paths
30
23 Units of time
32
24 The rising and setting of stars
34
the astronomical triangle
38
26 Stars on the meridian
42
27 Maximum and minimum azimuths
45
the Foucault pendulum
48
210 South to the equator
50
211 Into the southern hemisphere
52
rules of rising and setting
53
The orbital motion of the Earth
55
32 The ecliptic path
58
34 The ecliptic and the seasons
61
35 The ecliptic and the horizon
62
36 The changing ecliptic
63
37 Solar time
67
38 The position of the Sun
70
39 The daily path of the Sun
71
310 The origin of the seasons
73
311 Ideal sunrise and sunset
74
312 The tropics arctic and antarctic
76
313 Solar and sidereal days
80
314 Sidereal time
83
315 Right ascension and declination
84
316 Right ascension hour angle and sidereal time
86
317 Setting the astronomical telescope
88
318 Celestial or ecliptic coordinates
89
319 A summary of coordinates
92
Stars and constellations
93
41 The constellations
94
43 The modern constellations
102
44 The defunct constellations
105
45 Asterisms and other groups
107
46 The brightnesses and colors of the stars
112
47 The names of the stars
117
48 Star and constellation maps
125
the heliacal rising
128
411 Double stars
129
412 Variable stars
131
413 Exploding stars
133
414 The Milky Way
134
415 Star clusters
136
416 Nebulae
141
417 Galaxies
142
Precession nutation and aberration
145
53 The cause of precession
147
54 Polar motion
149
55 Precession of the equinoxes
151
56 Changes in coordinates
153
57 The visibility of the constellations
157
58 The length of the year
158
510 Planetary precession
159
511 Aberration of starlight
160
Time
163
62 The Earths orbit
164
63 Local mean solar time and the equation of time
166
64 Standard and Universal Time
169
65 The Astronomical Almanac
173
66 The international date line
174
68 Sidereal time
177
69 The determination of time
179
610 Clocks and the Earths rotation
183
611 Modern timekeeping
185
612 Time services and time signals
189
Sunrise and sunset
193
72 Refraction
194
73 The location and time of sunrise and sunset
196
finding sunset and sunrise
198
75 The visible horizon
200
76 Twilight
201
Positions in the sky and on Earth
204
82 Star catalogues and atlases
208
83 Celestial navigation
211
84 Precise terrestrial position
216
98 The parallax of the Moon
251
99 Librations of the Moon
253
910 Occultations
254
basic concepts
255
true time and azimuth
258
Tides eclipses and calendars
262
102 Tides and the Sun
263
103 Tides and orbits
265
104 Prediction of the tides
266
105 Tidal effects on the Moon
267
106 Eclipses
268
107 Eclipse conditions and seasons
270
108 Frequency and prediction
275
109 The path and duration of a solar eclipse
279
1010 The saros
282
1011 The phenomena of the lunar eclipse
283
1012 The phenomena of the solar eclipse
285
1013 The Moon and the calendar
288
The planets
292
112 Names and identification
297
113 Planetary aspects
299
114 Synodic periods
302
115 Retrograde motion
304
116 Phases and brightness
306
117 Transits and cycles
308
118 Old theories of planetary motion
310
119 The revolution
312
1110 Newtons laws and gravity
316
1111 Generalization of Keplers laws
318
1112 True orbits
320
1113 Uranus Neptune and Pluto
321
1114 The final step
322
1115 Chaos
323
1116 Spaceflight
324
physical natures of the planets
328
1118 Astrology
340
The small bodies of the Solar System
346
122 Asteroids
354
123 Comets
355
124 Meteors
363
125 Meteorites
368
126 The zodiacal light
373
127 The origin of the Solar System
375
Light and the atmosphere
378
132 The spectrum
379
133 Reflection of light
381
135 Dispersion
382
136 Diffraction
383
137 Polarization
386
138 Telescopes
387
139 Reflecting telescopes
388
1310 Telescope aberrations
392
1311 Resolving power
393
1312 Observatories
395
1313 Amateur telescopes
400
1314 The blue sky
403
atmospheric extinction
404
1316 Sunsets
408
1318 Noctilucent clouds
409
1319 Sun pillars
410
1322 Atmospheric refraction
411
1323 Seeing and scintillation
412
1324 Atmospheric dispersion
415
1326 Rainbows
416
1327 Coronae
419
1328 Halos and sundogs
420
1329 Unidentified flying objects
423
1330 The aurora
425
1331 The sky
431
Graphs and tables
432
Star maps
456
Trigonometric relationships
463
A32 Spherical trigonometry
467
A33 The astronomical triangle
468
A34 Equatorial and celestial coordinates
472
Bibliography
476
Index
480
Copyright

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About the author (2002)

James B. Kaler is Professor of Astronomy at the University of Illinois where his research centres on dying stars. Professor Kaler has held Fulbright and Guggenheim Fellowships, and has been awarded medals for his work from the University of Liege in Belgium and the University of Mexico. As well as having published more than 100 research articles, he has written for a variety of popular and semi-popular magazines including Mercury, Astronomy, Stardate, Sky and Telescope, Scientific American, and l'Astronomia in Italy, and appears regularly on Illinois television and radio. His popular book, Stars, was published by Scientific American Library in 1992, and a new elementary astronomy textbook, Astronomy!, was published in 1994 by HarperCollins. Professor Kaler was also a consultant for Time-Life Books on their Voyage Through the Universe series. He is past president of the Board of the Champaign-Urbana Symphony.

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