Human Bondage in Southeast Asia

abolition aboriginal advances agricultural Annam Annamite areas Asiatic authorities batik batik factory bondage Borneo British Burma Burmese Cambodia century Chinese colonial compulsory labor contract labor Convention coolie corvée countries creditor cultivation debt bondage debt slaves debtor desa economic employers employment enslavement enterprise estates European exploitation Fay-Cooper Cole Filipinos forced labor former forms freedom French Government groups human human bondage Ibid Indian indigenous Indo-China Indonesian industry interest International Labor Islands Java Javanese labor conditions labor services land large numbers League of Nations legislation living London Malay Malaya master ment modern native Netherlands Indies officials paid peasants penal sanctions pengobengs peonage person Philippines plantation population practice production raids recent prewar recruiting relations rule serfdom serfs servitude Siam Siamese slavery social society Southeast Asia status Sumatra taokeh tion trade traditional tribes village wage-earners wages women