Toxicology of the Human Environment: The Critical Role of Free RadicalsChris J Rhodes The environment in which human beings live is complex and we may encounter many different potentially toxic chemical substances during the course of our lives. These xenobiotic agents may invade the living system in the form of environmental pollutants, in the diet, as pharmaceutically administered compounds or even as chemical weapons and it is becoming widely recognised that free radicals are often involved in this toxicity. The book covers all aspects of toxic agents in the environment from their detection to their effects. Final year undergraduates and postgraduates studying toxicology, biochemistry, cell biology or environmental science will find this book valuable reading, whilst researchers in academia, the pharmaceutical industry, and public health laboratories will appreciate it as a comprehensive reference. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
Chemistry of spintrapping | 7 |
problems and artefacts 25 | 25 |
PART V | 45 |
In vivo spintrapping from chemistry to toxicology | 49 |
Ex vivo detection of free radicals | 71 |
The metabolism of nitroxides in cells and tissues | 91 |
Clinical uses of nitroxides as superoxidedismutase mimics | 113 |
The role of cytokines in the inflammatory response | 254 |
ARROYO | 265 |
Synergistic effect of carbon tetrachloride and 12dibromoethane | 301 |
Reactive oxygen species in physiology and toxicology | 311 |
The role of free radicals in chemical carcinogenesis | 339 |
Free radical involvement in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases | 363 |
NMR evaluation of thermallyinduced peroxidation in culinary oils | 373 |
The structure and electronic properties of oxy intermediates in | 397 |
Nitroxide skin toxicity | 139 |
Biological oxidations catalyzed by iron released from ferritin | 155 |
The toxicology of iron | 191 |
The role of free radicals in the toxicology of airborne particulate | 209 |
Free radical mechanisms of ethanol toxicity | 235 |
Common terms and phrases
acid activity adducts alcohol aldehyde antioxidant aqueous ascorbate Aust bile Biochem Biol biological systems Biophys cancer carcinogenesis carcinogenic catalase CCl4 cells cellular ceruloplasmin chelator Chem chemical Chemistry chronic compounds concentration cytotoxicity detected dioxygen disease DMPO effects electron electron spin resonance enzymes ethanol ex vivo exposure ferritin Figure Free Rad free radicals genes glutathione Halliwell hepatic hepatocytes human hydrogen peroxide hydroxyl radical hydroxylamine increased induced inhibition interaction involved iron irritant Janzen Landolph lipid peroxidation lung macrophages mechanism membrane metabolism microsomes mitochondrial molecular molecules mutations nitric oxide nitrone nitroxides O₂ oxidase oxidative damage oxidative stress oxyferrous species oxygen radicals Pharmacol potential production protein protonated radical adduct rat liver rate of reduction reactions reactive oxygen species receptor reduced oxyferrous reduction of nitroxides resonance role Sentjurc skin spectroscopy spin adducts spin-trapping studies superoxide dismutase Swartz Tempol thiyl radicals tion tissue toxicity trapping tumor vitro