The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel |
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Common terms and phrases
acid ammonia amount atoms base basic open hearth bath benzene benzol Bessemer Bessemer process blast furnace blow bosh bottom calcium calorific power carbon content cast chambers charge checkers chemical clay coal coke combined combustion composition compounds cooling deoxidation deposits diameter dioxide dolomite dust electric furnace elements employed feet ferrous ferrous oxide flues flux fuel gases grade heat hematite high temperature hydrogen important impurities inches ingot iron oxide ladle lime limestone magnesia magnetic manganese manufacture materials melting method mills mining mixture molten metal mould Naphtha naphthalene open hearth furnaces open pit operation oven oxygen phosphorus pig iron pipe plant plate pressure produced properties reaction recarburizer reduced refractory removed rolls scrap SECTION silica silicon SiO2 slag steel stoves substances sulphide sulphur tapping hole Toluol tuyeres valve vertical vessel wall weight
Popular passages
Page 13 - Avogadro's principle or hypothesis, which states that equal volumes of all gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules, was the extension of Dalton's Atomic Theory necessary to put the theoretical interpretation of chemistry on a solid foundation.
Page 4 - ... varies directly as the product of the two masses, and inversely as the square of the distance between them.
Page 244 - The foot-pound is called the unit of work, and may be defined as the work done by a force of one pound acting through a distance of one foot.
Page 579 - carbon steel," consists chiefly of iron, carbon, and manganese. Other elements are always present, but are not essential to the formation of the steel, and the content of carbon or manganese, or both, may be very small. Alloy steel is steel that contains one or more elements other than carbon in sufficient proportion to modify or improve substantially and positively some of its useful properties.
Page 4 - Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle, with a force whose direction is that of the line joining the two, and whose magnitude is directly as the product of their masses, and inversely as the square of their distance from each other.
Page 316 - ... distance equal to the stroke of the cylinder and then allowed to drop upon the anvil or bottom die. This hammer had the advantage of always keeping the top and bottom dies parallel, but was still lacking in one important particular. Its power being derived from the inertia of the falling tup or ram, the hammer had the least power when it was most needed, that is, when pieces of large diameter or of great thickness were being worked. This fault in the single acting hammer was corrected by the...
Page 590 - Moreover, the presence of both chrome and nickel seems to intensify certain physical characteristics. To the increased ductility and toughness conferred by nickel on the ferrite there is added the mineral hardness given to the cementite and pearlite by the chrome, but with a greater resultant effect.
Page 118 - ... their training and by the extent of their experience with these materials. The presence of magnesium in limestone in small amounts has little effect, but as the content increases, it may lower the fusion point of the resultant slag by the formation of double salts. A high percentage (over 3 per cent) of magnesia in blast furnace slag renders it undesirable for cement, but for concrete, ballast, etc., it is desirable as it makes the slag harder. Aside from this objection, not one of much weight,...
Page 578 - Steel which owes its distinctive properties chiefly to some element or elements other than carbon, or jointly to such other elements and carbon.
Page 289 - The electric furnace gives a metal of low or high carbon content as desired, hot enough to pour into thin molds and still free from slags and gases.