Runes: An Introduction

8th century additional runes algiz Anglo-Saxon runic Arntz Beowulf Bewcastle Cross bracteate British Museum Britsum Bruce Dickins carved century B.C. century Fig Christian codex common Germanic fupark cross fragment Danish denotes derived Derolez early eddic Egill eighth century England English runic inscriptions example extant Fáfnir Falstone Franks casket Friesen Frisian fupark fuporc Gothic Grumpan Ibid Icelandic inscribed interpretation Krause Kylver Kylver stone later Latin alphabet Lindholm amulet linguistic London Maeshowe magic manuscript Negau Negau helmet normal North Italic letters Northumbrian Old English poem Old English Runic original pagan panel phonetic value Photo probably reference rune-magic rune-names Runen Runeninschriften runes runic alphabets runic lore runic monuments Runic Poem runic writing Ruthwell Cross Saga Scandinavian Scanomodu coin script shape side Sigurðr sound sound-value suggests Sweden symbols Thames scramasax traditional usage Vadstena variant Viking Westeremden words