Radiation Biophysics

absorbed absorption alpha particle angular momentum anode assay atomic nucleus atomic number attenuation beam beta decay beta particle betatron binding energy biological Bohr bremsstrahlung calculated capture charged particle chemical circuit coefficient collision component constant cross section curve decay scheme density detector diffraction dipole dose effects ejected electric charge electric field electromagnetic emission emitted energy transfer equation excited exposure Figure filament fission fraction frequency gamma gamma-ray half-life hydrogen Illustrative Example increase injury intensity interact ionization irradiation isotopes kinetic energy known linear maximum measurements molecule negatron neutron nuclear force nuclear mass nucleon nucleus nuclides obtained orbital electrons oscillating photon photon energy plot positron probability produce pulses quantum number radiation radioactive decay rads range rays reaction relatively resonance sample scattering shell specific spectra spectrum spin structure target thermal tion tissue transition values velocity voltage wave wavelengths X-ray tube zero