Secondary Succession in the Climax Forest Formations of Northern Minnesota ... |
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Abies Acer Alnus appear aspen Aster balsam Betula birch bogs burned Carex Ceanothus cent clay climax dominants coniferous area consocies Cornus Cornus canadensis Corylus americana decimeter deposits Diervilla ecesis fires Fragaria Fragaria virginiana germinate grass stage growing growth habitat herb associes herbaceous holard Hubert hydrophytic invade invasion jack pine kill Lake Larix Ledum light values Loam Soils maple mature mesophytic mesophytic soils Minnesota occupied occur organic soil pennsylvanica Phragmites Picea pine forest pine seedlings pine trees Pinus banksiana Pinus resinosa Pinus strobus plants Populus Populus-Betula associes prairie prisere Prunus Quercus red pine relicts Rhus rock areas Rosa blanda Rubus Salix sand second decimeter secondary succession sedges seeds shade shrub associes shrub stage shrubs species Sphagnum sprouts spruce STALLARD stands stumps Subseres beginning sumac swamp tamarack Ten-meter quadrat Thuja Typha Vaccinium virginiana water-content water-level white pine zone
Popular passages
Page 477 - In these places are found the largest and oldest trees in the northern portion of the state. They vary in diameter from 1 to 3 feet; in height, from 75 to perhaps 125 feet; and in age, from 65 to 200 years or more.
Page xxviii - ... discussed under the following heads : a. Subseres in Shallow Water, b. Subseres beginning with the Grass Associes, c. Subseres in Cut-overs, d.