History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bourbons in 1815, Volume 13

Archibald Alison

W. Blackwood, 1860 - Europe

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Table of Contents

F078 ALA 2 13 CONTENTS OF VOL	2

Combat of Merxem	3

Investment of Antwerp 3 H 5 Of which Carnot takes the command	4

Progress of the war in Flanders	6

Description of BergenopZoom ib 8 Plan of the attack	7

Commencement and early success of the assault	8

The Guards win the rampart near the Antwerp gate	9

The French rally and defeat the assault	10

The rich have taken refuge in exclusive society	340

State of dependence of the bench ib 74 Tenure by which the judicial office is held in the different states	342

Literature and the press	346

Character of its legislation	347

Great eminence of the American legal writers	348

Cause of this excellence ib 79 Great extent of slavery in the United States	349

Vehement resistance made against its abolition	350

Morals and manners of the Americans	351

Reflections on this assault	11

Causes of its failure and reflections on the conduct of the commanders on both sides	12

Concluding movements of the campaign in Flanders	13

Affairs of Italy Retreat of Eugene to the Mincio	14

Reasons which led Eugene to give battle	15

Battle of the Mincio	17

Evacuation of Tuscany by the French	19

Umbrage taken by Murat at the proclamation of the Prince of Sicily ib 22 Successes of Eugene on the Po	20

Affairs at Lyons	21

Combats in Savoy	23

Displeasure of Napoleon at the direction of these attacks ib 27 Notwithstanding which Augereau does nothing more	25

Augereaus operations in the Jura ib 29 Battle of Limonet and fall of Lyons	26

Napoleons journey to Frejus and dangers which he ran	27

Great effects of this victory	28

Concluding operations of Wellington in the south of France	29

Extraordinary difficulty experienced by the British government in fur	32

VOL XIII	33

Reduction of Soults army and increase of Wellingtons	36

Causes of this peculiarity The general custom of dividing land among	38

He drives back the French left	43

Their great errors especially in regard to the army	44

His indefatigable efforts to maintain discipline	49

Commencement of the Congress of Vienna	50

Which is ere long turned into disorderly flight	55

Secret treaty between Austria France and England	57

Soults counterproclamation and resumption of hostilities	61

General state of affairs in Catalonia	67

Universal downward progress of sin	69

Advantages of the French position	72

Siege of Santona and close of the war in the Peninsula	73

His danger and supineness of Soult	79

Wellingtons plan of attack	81

Soult attacks Beresford	87

Lesser actions on the coast	88

Soult evacuates Toulouse	93

Preparations for the naval combat and relative forces on the two sides	94

Reflections on this campaign	99

What if Sir George Prevost had stormed the blockhouses?	100

State and final surrender of the fortresses in Germany still held by	105

Dreadful slaughter in the British columns during the assault	106

CHAPTER XC	110

His able argument against the allied terms	111

Reflections on the battle at New Orleans	112

Unconquerable obstinacy of Napoleon at this period	117

mind Though he witnessed around him the wreck of a 1814	141

after them	145

Ineffectual attempts to organise a defence	151

Its architectural splendour	158

S Page 55 Commencement of the action and allied disposition of attack	160

Repulse of the Russians in the centre	161

Heroic resistance of the Russians there	162

The Emperor brings up the Guards which restores the battle there ib 59 Appearance of the army of Silesia on the right	163

And of the Prince of Würtemberg on the left	164

Storming of the heights which command Paris	165

A suspension of arms is agreed to on both sides	166

General occupation of the heights	167

Storming of Montmartre which closes the battle	168

Results of the battle	169

Napoleon receives intelligence of the allied advance	170

His rapid return to the neighbourhood of Paris ib J 63 His conversation on hearing of the fall of Paris	172

Preparation of the Allies for entering Paris	173

Final conclusion of the capitulation ib 71 Interview of Alexander with the magistrates of Paris	174

State of public feeling at Paris during this period	175

First movements of the Royalists	176

Entrance of the allied sovereigns into Paris	177

Universal transports of the people	178

Extraordinary scene in the Place Louis XV	179

Striking moral retribution which now fell on Paris	180

CHAPTER LXXXVIII	181

Important meeting of the sovereigns at Talleyrands hotel	182

Account of the deliberations	183

Which terminates in the determination to restore the Bourbons	184

Declaration of the Allies that they would no longer treat with Napoleon nor his family	185

Immense effect of this declaration	186

Establishment of a provisional government by the Senate ib 8 Generous conduct of the Emperor Alexander who liberates all the French prisoners	187

The Senate dethrone Napoleon	189

General adherence to the new government	191

Defection of Marmont	192

Caulaincourts mission to Alexander	193

Which terminates in disappointment	194

Napoleon at first refuses to abdicate	195

But at length agrees to do so in favour of his son	196

Napoleons proclamation against Marmont and the Senate	198

The mission of Caulaincourt to establish a regency fails	199

The cause of the Restoration had become irresistible at Paris	200

Increasing fervour in favour of the Bourbons	201

Napoleons final and unconditional abdication	204

Character of Talleyrand His early history	223

Louis XVIII is called to the throne	229

quests	233

Reflections on the treaty of Paris	238

Visit of the allied sovereigns to England	244

It was misfortune alone which rendered Napoleon unpopular	251

Alarming situation of Paris	255

Character of North America	265

Prodigious number of animals which are there assembled	271

Their striking peculiarities of disposition	280

Extraordinary progress of the stream of emigration	289

General attachment of men to their landed possessions	295

children	299

The regarding of agriculture as a vulgar profession	300

Extraordinary activity of the Americans	301

Ardent and impetuous character of the people	302

Universal discontent in America	303

General thirst for wealth	305

Commercial cities of America	306

Progress of American commerce and shipping	307

Their present naval establishment	309

Their military force	310

Revenue and expenditure of the United States	311

Revenues and debt of the separate states	312

Sketch of the American constitution	315

Powers of the President	316

Sovereignty of the people ib 55 Religion in the United States	319

Want of a national provision for religion ib 58 Ruinous effects of the dependence of the clergy on their flocks	321

How has this democracy worked?	323

Irresistible power of the majority ib 61 Total absence of originality or independence of thought	325

Test of real freedom of thought	326

Prodigious effects of the revolutionary law of succession	328

Spoliation of the commercial classes already effected	329

Insecurity of life and order in America	331

Frequent acts of violence in the legislature	332

Peculiarity of the American cruelties in this respect	335

Real reproach of the Americans on this head	336

External weakness of the Americans	337

Want of foresight in the ruling majority is the cause of this	338

Banishment of higher talent or station from the public service	339

Their admiration for rank and titles	353

How has America escaped its political dangers? ib 84 Political state of Canada and its population	355

Loyalty of the Canadians	357

The habitans of Lower Canada	358

CHAPTER XCI	367

Which the British government refuses to ratify	376

Threatening aspect of the negotiations	380

Invasion of Canada by General Hull and his surrender	386

Reflections on the causes which gave rise to them	397

The Chesapeake is boarded	403

Desperate conflict by which she was carried	404

Great moral effect of this victory	405

Combats of lesser vessels The Boxer and Enterprise the Pelican and Argus	406

Naval operations in Chesapeake Bay ib 44 Operations by land and American preparations for the war	407

Invasion and defeat of General Winchester and capture of Ogdenburg	409

Capture of York the capital of Upper Canada ib 47 Success at the fords of Miami	411

Repulse at Sacketts Harbour ib 49 Gallant but vain efforts of Prevost	412

Reduction of Fort George by the Americans	413

The Americans are defeated at Stony Creek Beavers Dams and Black Rock	414

Blockade of Fort George and repulse of Proctor at Sandusky	415

Success of the British on Lake Champlain and at Plattsburg ib 54 Defective state of the British flotilla on Lake Erie	416

Desperate action on Lake Erie and defeat of the British	417

Retreat and disaster of General Proctor	418

Disaster on Lake Ontario and raising of the siege of Fort George	420

Preparations for a grand invasion of Canada ib 59 Defeat of the invasion of Lower Canada	421

Gallant defence of Fort Michilmackinac by Colonel MDowall	422

Total defeat of the enemy in Upper Canada and evacuation of Fort George	423

Napoleon marches against Schwartzenberg and towards the Aube	424

General result of the campaign	425

Its honourable character to Sir G Prevost	426

Capture of the Essex by the Phœbe ib 66 The Frolic taken by the Orpheus and the Reindeer by the Wasp	428

Action between the President and the Endymion	429

Capture of the former by the British	430

Lesser actions which closed the war	431

Repeal of the Nonimportation Act	432

Symptoms of a breaking up of the Union	434

Preparations in Canada and among the Indians	435

Storming of Fort Oswego and failure at Sandy Creek ib 75 Capture of Fort Erie and battle of Chippewa	436

Second battle of Chippewa	437

Results of the battle 438	438

Unsuccessful assault on Fort Erie ib 80 Operations in Chesapeake Bay	442

Preparations for its defence	443

Battle of Bladensberg	444

Capture of Washington	445

Reflections on this expedition	446

Unjustifiable use made by the British of their victory in destroying the public buildings of Washington	447

Immense losses of the Americans during the war	471

Necessity of concentrating the British forces in such a war	478

Progress of exportation and importation during the last hundred years	509

Reflections on this subject	515

Leading articles of the Charter	521

Penury and embarrassments of Government	527

Formation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands	546

Conference for the removal of Napoleon from Elba when he leaves that	552

Situation of Napoleon at Elba	558

Voyage and landing there	564

His entry into Grenoble	570

Dismissal of Soult and failure of the Comte dArtois at Lyons	577

Important decrees issued from that city	578

Flagrant treason of Marshal Ney	579

General defection of the army	581

Conduct of the court in the last extremity	582

The universal defection of the troops compels the King to fly	583

The King retires from Paris and goes to Ghent	584

Napoleon arrives at Fontainebleau and reaches Paris at night	585

Universal transports among the Imperial party	586

CHAPTER XCIII	588

His great difficulty in filling up his appointments	589

His civil and military appointments	590

General stupor of the people over France	591

Efforts of the Duc and Duchesse dAngoulême to stimulate a Royalist resistance in the south	592

Termination of the civil war in the southern provinces	593

Progress of the war near Lyons	594

Termination of the civil war in the southern provinces	595

Military treaties between the Allies	596

And immense force at their disposal	597

Preparations of the British government for the war	598

Finances and budget of Great Britain	600

Subsidies granted to foreign powers by England	601

Napoleons difficulties	602

His military preparations ib 16 His efforts to obtain arms and replenish the arsenals and forces which he collected for the campaign	603

their great influence	604

Constants account of Napoleons conversation with him at this time	606

Financial measures of Napoleon	607

Formation of a Constitution	608

Violent opposition which it excites	609

Ineffectual attempt of the French diplomacy to open a negotiation with the allied powers	610

Murat commences hostilities and advances to the Po	612

Louis XVIII at Ghent Chateaubriand and his writings	613

War in La Vendée	614

Measures of Napoleon to crush it	616

Defeat of the Vendeans and pacification of La Vendée	617

Composition of the Chamber of Deputies ib 30 The Champ de Mai at Paris	618

Napoleons speech on the occasion	620

Great division of opinion at Paris	621

Napoleon sets out for the army	622

Formation of a government for the Emperors absence	623

The Emperor discovers Fouchés treachery but is obliged to dissemble and keep him in power	624

Napoleons plan of the campaign	625

And disposition of his troops	626

Wellingtons plan of the campaign ib 39 Napoleons plan of operations	628

Disposition and force of the French troops and Napoleons address to them	629

Positions and views of Wellington and Blucher	630

Delay in collecting the English army	632

Positions and preparations of the Allies and reasons of their inactivity	635

The French army crosses the frontier	637

Description of the field of Ligny and Bluchers force and dispositions	640

Force and plan of attack of Napoleon	642

Battle of Ligny Desperate conflict in the village of that name ib 48 Napoleons attack on the centre	644

Desperate conflict in and around St Amand	645

Final and decisive charge of Napoleons Guards	646

Movements before the battle of Quatre Bras	647

Battle of Quatre Bras	649

Battle of Quatre Bras	650

Vehement charge on the British squares	651

Desperate conflicts in the fields and in the wood of Bossu	653

Noble combat of Picton and Kempt	654

Arrival of Altens division to aid the Allies	655

Arrival of the Guards restores the battle	656

Desperate resistance of the British ib 59 Loss on both sides	657

Retreat of the Prussians to Wavre	658

Retreat of Wellington to Waterloo	659

Sharp conflict at Genappe between the English and French horse	661

Results of the campaign in favour of Napoleon	662

The concentric retreat of the allied armies had restored them the advantage	663

APPENDIX	665

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History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution ..., Volume 13
Archibald Alison
Full view - 1860

Common terms and phrases

Adour Alexander allied sovereigns American amidst Antwerp April Arcis arms artillery attack Augereau Austrian bank battle battle of Orthes battle of Toulouse Bayonne Beauch Beresford Bourbons bridge brigade British Burgh Calvinet cannon capital Catalonia Caulaincourt cavalry centre CHAP Chron columns combat command Conq corps declared defence division effect Emperor Empress enemy enemy's English Europe Fain favour Fère-Champenoise fire flank force fortresses France French Garonne garrison Grand Army Grosse guns Gurw heights hill horse hundred immediately infantry inhabitants Koch Lord Louis Louis XVIII LXXXIX LXXXVII Lyons March Marmont marshals ment Mont Rave Mortier Napoleon national guard Paris peace Picton Plotho position Prince rear restored retired retreat Revolution Rheims river road Romainville Russian Schwartzenberg side soldiers soon Soult Spaniards St Ciprien St Dizier success Suchet summit Thiers tion Toulouse town troops Vaud Vict victory Vitry Wellington whole Würtemberg xvii xxiii

Bibliographic information

Title	History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bourbons in 1815, Volume 13 History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bourbons in 1815, Archibald Alison
Author	Archibald Alison
Edition	10
Publisher	W. Blackwood, 1860
Original from	the University of Wisconsin - Madison
Digitized	8 Oct 2008

Export Citation	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

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