From Hunters to Farmers: The Causes and Consequences of Food Production in Africa

agriculture archaeological assemblages Bantu barley Basarwa bone Botswana Bower C-Group camp Capsien supérieur cattle cereals complex crops cultivation cultural Cushitic Dobe domestic animals dry season Early Iron Age East Africa eastern Eburran ecological economic Egypt Ehret Elmenteitan ensete environment Ethiopia evidence excavations facies Capsien faunal food production foragers forest G/wi Gana Gerzean goats grain groups herders herding highlands Holocene hunter/gatherers hunters hunting and gathering Iron Age J. D. Clark Kalahari Kenya Khartoum Khoi Khoisan Kung Lake Lake Turkana Later Stone Age Leakey linguistic lithic livestock Lukenya melons Mesolithic microlithic millennium B.C. mobility models Narosura Nderit Niger Nile Valley northern Nubian pastoralists pattern percent period Phase plants Pleistocene population pottery Predynastic prehistoric probably radiocarbon dates region remains Rift Valley River Sahara sample Savanna Savanna Pastoral Neolithic settlement sheep sorghum species subsistence Sudan suggests tion Turkana Ware Wendorf western wild