The Years Without Summer: Tracing A.D. 536 and Its AftermathJoel Gunn Tree-rings worldwide and other evidence record an almost catastrophic change in the environment during the middle years of the 6th century AD. This supports the writings of Cassiodorus in Roman Italy and other writers across the world who all documented darkness, drought and cold at this time; in AD 541 hunger, disease and warfare killed much of Europe's population. This collection of 16 essays shows how a worldwide event leaves evidence in the archaeological record and examines what actually happened and the dramatic political, economic, climactic and environmental repurcussions across Europe, America and Africa. |
Contents
1 A D 536 AND ITS 300YEAR AFTERMATH | 5 |
DRY FOG IN EUROPE | 21 |
3 CLIMATE AND CRISIS IN SIXTHCENTURY ITALY AND GAUL | 35 |
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agricultural Anderson Anglo-Saxon Appalachian Summit appear archaeological record Atlantic Axum Baillie beach ridge Britain Calakmul Caloosahatchee Caracol Cartersville Cassiodorus central ceramics chapter Chase China Chinese Classic Maya climate change coast coastal comet Connestee context correlation Creek Crumley cultural change drought dry fog Early Classic Early Woodland eastern Empire environmental episode Europe event evidence Figure following A.D. Georgia global change global climate global temperatures Gregory of Tours Gunn Hiatus Holocene human impact indicate interaction Jerup Jones Late Woodland Little Ice Age Mathis Maya Civilization Maya lowlands midden Middle Woodland Mississippian monuments Mound North Carolina northern oyster piedmont Pineland political population prehistoric Press radiocarbon dates region Robichaux Roman Savannah River scale sea level changes settlement patterns shell sixth century social societies South Southeast Southeastern Southern Southwest Florida Stela suggest Tanner Teotihuacan Tikal tree rings University Valley volcanic Wetmore White Oak Woodland period Yadkin Yadkin River