Helping Networks: How People Cope with Problems in the Urban Community

American analysis anomic Appendix Table associated average chapter Clair Shores Clemens Clergy co-workers community mental health coping crises Detroit effective eight communities emerge ethnic expertise problems fessional findings formal agencies formal helpers formal service friends function help-seeking helping behaviors helping network study helping resources helping systems income individual well-being informal helpers informal networks informal social integration interaction interviewed invoked expertise isolation kind of help Lincoln Park linkages linked Livonia major Mount Clemens natural helping networks neighbor helping neighborhood context neighborhood type occurs organizations PAHNS parochial pathways perceived neighborhood percent person Pontiac population primary groups problem load problem-coping professional help programs Psychosomatic recent concerns referral relationships relative reported residents respondents RISK score risk to well-being role Royal Oak sample seeking help setting social class social networks social support Sociology spouse stress support systems tend tion urban utilized variety of helpers versus voluntary association Warren