Ayyankali: A Dalit Leader of Organic ProtestOn the life and activities of Ayyaṅkāḷi, 1863-1941, social reformer and Dalit leader from Kerala, India. |
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19th century able acquire activities administrative admission agrarian agricultural analyse argues attempt Ayyankali became began Brahmins British brought called caste groups caste system caste-Hindus Chentharassery Christians colonial modernity concept Consequently considered courts created cultivators cultural customs Dalits direct dominated economy emergence established existing Ezhavas first followed formation functioning Government History ideas important India influenced initiative institutions interests intervention issues Janmi jati Kerala knowledge Kottayam labour land landlords leaders lower major Malabar manager maryadas middle class milieu missionaries mobile Moreover Nairs Namboothiries Op.cit opportunities oppressed organised organization period policies political possibilities practices Praja Sabha present princely problems production public sphere Pulayars relations representative respective result rituals Sangam schools SJPS social reform movement society space Srimoolam Praja status structure tenants took traditional transformation Travancore untouchable upper various women