Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Saʿdi's Taʾrīkh Al-Sūdān Down to 1613, and Other Contemporary DocumentsJohn O. Hunwick The principal text translated in this volume is the "Ta'r?kh Al-s?d?n" of the seventeenth-century Timbuktu scholar 'Abd al-Ra?m?n al-Sa'd?. Thirty chapters are included, dealing with the history of Timbuktu and Jenne, their scholars, and the political history of the Songhay empire from the reign of Sunni 'Al? (1464-1492) through Moroccan conquest of Songhay in 1591 and down to the year 1613 when the Pashalik of Timbuktu became an autonomous ruling institution in the Middle Niger region. The year 1613 also marked the effective end of Songhay resistance. The other contemporary documents included are a new English translation of Leo Africanus's description of West Africa, some letters relating to Sa'd?an diplomacy and conquests in the Sahara and Sahel, al-Ifr?n?'s account of Sa'd?an conquest of Songhay, and an account of this expedition by an anonymous Spaniard. This publication has also been published in hardback, please click here for details. |
Contents
Abbreviations | xiii |
Preface | xv |
Dates References and Conventions | xx |
an Interpretive Essay | xxii |
The Zuwa Dynasty II The Sunni Dynasty | xxxvi |
Sultan Kankan Mūsā and Malian Rule over the Middle Niger | 9 |
Mali and its Provinces | 13 |
Jenne and its History | 17 |
The Reign of Askiya alḤājj | 160 |
The Reign of Askiya Muḥammad Bāni | 168 |
The Reign of Askiya Ishaq II | 172 |
1 The | 186 |
2 Songhay | 200 |
Rulers of Jenne during the Arma Administration | 213 |
Pasha Jawdars Recall Jenne under Attack | 233 |
The Administrations of Pasha Sulayman and | 244 |
Scholars and Holymen of Jenne | 23 |
The History of Timbuktu | 29 |
The Tuareg | 35 |
Scholars and Holymen of Timbuktu | 38 |
Scholars and Holymen of Timbuktu Ctd | 52 |
The Imams of the Great Mosque and the Sankore | 81 |
The Reign of Sunni Ali | 91 |
The Reign of Askiya alḥājj Muḥammad | 102 |
The Reigns of Askiya Mūsā and Muḥammad | 118 |
The Reign of Askiya Ismācīl | 133 |
The Reign of Askiya Ishaq I | 137 |
The Reign of Askiya Dāwūd | 144 |
The Sadian Dynasty and its Decline | 258 |
Other Contemporary Documents | 271 |
Letters Relating to Sadian Diplomacy and Conquests in | 292 |
AlIfrānīs Account of the Sadian Conquest of Songhay | 309 |
An Account of the Sadian Conquest of Songhay by an | 318 |
Appendices | 331 |
Offices and OfficeHolders under the Askiyas | 338 |
Colophon to Askiya Muhammad Banis copy of the | 351 |
The Askiyas | 364 |
391 | |
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Common terms and phrases
Abd al-Raḥmān Abd Allah Abū Abu Bakr Africa Aḥmad Aḥmad Bābā al-faqih al-Manṣur al-Sa'di Alī Anda Ag-Muḥammad appointed Arabic Arma army Askiya al-ḥājj Muḥammad Askiya Dāwūd Askiya Ishaq Askiya Muḥammad Balma baraka Bēr bless brother Būbu Bukar century commander Dawūd death Dendi Dendi-fari deposed Dhū died dynasty Fari-mondyo father fled Fulani Gurma Ḥammad Hi-koi High have mercy Houdas Hunwick Ibrāhīm imam Islam Jenne Jenne-koi Jumādā jurist jurist Aḥmad Kabara Kaniaga Katsina killed king kingdom Kukiya Kurmina-fari land Leo Africanus Mahmud Mali Malian Marrakesh Masina Middle Niger Monteil Moroccan Muḥammad Aqīt Muḥammad Bāni Muḥammad Bonkana Mūlāy Aḥmad Mūsā Muslim Pasha Jawdar Pasha Maḥmūd Qa'id Qāḍī Qur'an region returned river ruler Sa'dian Sahara Ṣanhaja Sankore mosque Sayyid scholars sent shaykh Sīdī slaves Songhay Soninke Sūdān Sulayman sultan Sunni Sunni Ali Text Timbuktu Tindirma told town translation Tuareg Umar Uthman Walāta Yaḥyā Zuwa