Nondestructive Testing: Applications

acoustic impedance adjusted aluminum amplitude angle of incidence angle of refraction angle-beam techniques angle-beam testing angle-beam transducer application automatic scanning back-surface reflection beam spread bubbler C-scan recording cause contact testing correct couplant critical angle CRT indications CRT screen depth detect discontinuities determine discon discontinuity indication flat-bottomed hole following illustration forging front surface front-surface indication FRONT-SURFACE REFLECTION grain structure immersion testing inches INITIAL PULSE longitudinal wave Lucite wedge material near-surface nondestructive testing notch operator plate waves produce pulse-echo system pulse-echo testing receiving transducer scanner tube selection shear waves shown in View skip distance Snell's Law sonic beam sound energy sound wave spot weld steel straight-beam testing surface waves test blocks test frequency test instrument test specimen test surface testing system through-transmission testing tinuity tion transducer and test transmitted Turn Turn to page ultrasonic test velocity of sound water distance wave mode wavelength wedge angle weld area