Solid State Luminescence: Theory, Materials and DevicesA.H. Kitai Historically, black body radiation in the tungsten filament lamp was our primary industrial means for producing 'artificial' light, as it replaced gas lamps. Solid state luminescent devices for applications ranging from lamps to displays have proliferated since then, particularly owing to the develop ment of semiconductors and phosphors. Our lighting products are now mostly phosphor based and this 'cold light' is replacing an increasing fraction of tungsten filament lamps. Even light emitting diodes now chal lenge such lamps for automotive brake lights. In the area of information displays, cathode ray tube phosphors have proved themselves to be outstandingly efficient light emitters with excellent colour capability. The current push for flat panel displays is quite intense, and much confusion exists as to where development and commercialization will occur most rapidly, but with the need for colour, it is now apparent that solid state luminescence will play a primary role, as gas phase plasma displays do not conveniently permit colour at the high resolution needed today. The long term challenge to develop electroluminescent displays continues, and high performance fluorescent lamps currently illuminate liquid crystal monochrome and colour displays. The development of tri component rare earth phosphors is of particular importance. |
Contents
Luminescent centres in insulators | 21 |
Luminescence spectroscopy | 53 |
recent theoretical | 97 |
Copyright | |
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absorption acceptor ACPEL cells AlGaAs AlGaInP atomic layer epitaxy atoms bandgap brightness calculations carrier Ce3+ Chem color concentration conduction band configuration crystal field DCPEL devices decay deposition display donor dopant doping electric field Electrochem electroluminescence electron emitting energy transfer epitaxy Eu² Eu3+ excitation energy exciton fluorescent lamps forming process ft-L g orbital growth impurities indirect bandgap injection intensity interaction lanthanide laser lattice layer light line strengths luminance luminescence luminescent centres materials Mn2+ MOCVD nonradiative occurs optical orbital terms output oxide parabolae parameters particles phase phosphor photon Phys pixel pulse quantum efficiency quenching radiation radiative rare earth ratio reactants recombination sample second-order semiconductor shown in Fig spectra spectroscopy spectrum Stokes shift structure substrate surface Tb³ technique temperature TFEL thermal thin film third-order contributions third-order terms tion transitions valence band Vecht voltage wavelength X-ray zero-phonon lines ZnS:Mn ZnSe