Building the National Parks: Historic Landscape Design and ConstructionThe Office of Strategic Services, the forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency, was founded in 1942 by William 'Wild Bill' Donovan under the direction of President Roosevelt, who realized the need to improve intelligence during wartime. A rigorous recruitment process enlisted agents from both the armed services and civilians to produce operational groups specializing in different foreign areas including Italy, Norway, Yugoslavia and China. At its peak in 1944, the number of men and women working in the service totaled nearly 13,500. This intriguing story of the origins and development of the American espionage forces covers all of the different departments involved, with a particular emphasis on the courageous teams operating in the field. The volume is illustrated with many photographs, including images from the film director John Ford who led the OSS Photographic Unit and parachuted into Burma in 1943. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
The Origins of a Design Ethic for Natural Parks | 15 |
The American Park Movement | 35 |
An American Style of Natural Gardening | 61 |
Sources of Rustic Architectural Design | 91 |
A Policy and Process for National Park Design | 121 |
A National Park Service | 131 |
Park Villages | 159 |
A Program of Landscape Naturalization | 255 |
E P Meinecke and Campground Planning | 276 |
Yosemites Committee of Expert Advisers | 285 |
A Process for Park Planning | 291 |
Park and Recreation Progress since 1933 | 325 |
A New Deal for State Parks | 381 |
Portfolios for Naturalistic Park Design | 425 |
National Park Design since 1940 | 455 |
The Development of Park Roads | 174 |
Thomas Vint and the Work of the Western Field Office | 193 |
Design of Park Roads | 201 |
Construction of Trails | 233 |
Park Architecture Landscape Naturalization | 243 |
Registering Historic Park Landscapes in the National | 487 |
Park Landscapes in National and State Parks | 513 |
Notes | 537 |
| 559 | |
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