Earths and stonesJ. Mackinlay, 1810 - Mineralogy |
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Common terms and phrases
aėrated calx alkali amorphous argill argillaceous argillite baroselenite barytes basalts Bergm Bergman blackish blue bluish grey Brisson brittle brownish calcareous calcareous earth calces calcined called calx of iron cent Chym clay colour compact conchoidal contains crucible crystallized dark decomposed Dolomieu effervesce with acids enamel felspar fibrous filtre fixed air foliated fracture Fragments frequently fusible fusion garnets glass grains granite green greenish grey greyish black greyish white gypsum Hardness heated to redness hence hornblende hornstone infusible Klaproth lava Leske lime limestone lustre magnesia marine acid marl mass melted mica mild calx mineral mixed mixture nitrous acid particles porcelain porous porphyry powder precipitate prisms proportion pure air quartz reddish brown rhomboidal Saussure scarcely selenite shorl silex siliceous slaty soluble solution sometimes sort spar sparry specific gra specific gravity specimen splintery steatites stone striated stronthian substances tains tion Transparency trap vitriolic acid volcanic weight Werner yellow yellowish grey zeolites
Popular passages
Page 37 - Denotes the hardness of chalk. 4. A superior hardness, but yet what yields to the nail. 5. What will not yield to the nail, but easily, and without grittiness, to the knife. 6. That which yields more difficultly to the knife. 7. That which scarcely yields to the knife. 8. That which cannot be scraped by a knife, but does not give fire with steel. 9. That which gives a few feeble sparks with steel.
Page xi - Williams gives an example from 1796 of a eloser approximation to its modern sense. ('Mineralogy, though tolerably understood by many as an art, could scarce be deemed a Science.
Page 266 - Internal 1. Transparency 2'1, sometimes nearly 3. Fracture conchoidal, seldom imperfectly. Fragments, 3. Hardness from 10 to 11. Specific gravity from 2'58 to 2'63. Heated, it decrepitates, whitens, becomes brittle, and opaque, is infusible at 108% and is barely softened by pure air ; the usual fluxes affect it as they do quartz.
Page 37 - ... 3. Denotes the hardness of chalk. 4. A superior hardness, but yet what yields to the nail. 5. What will not yield to the nail, but easily, and without grittiness to the knife. 6. That which yields more difficultly to the knife. 7. That which scarcely yields to the knife. 8. That which cannot be scraped by a knife, but does not give fire with steel. 9. That which gives a few feeble Sparks with...
Page 361 - Italy lafillo or rapillo. The ashes which overwhelmed Pompeii now form an immense bed of white puzzolana. The surface of this substance is rough, uneven, and of a baked appearance ; it comes to us in pieces, from the size of a nut to that of an egg.
Page 207 - Basalt is amorphous, columnar, tab ular, or globular. The columnar form is straight or curved, perpendicular or inclined, sometimes nearly horizontal ; the diameter of the columns from 3 to 18 inches, sometimes with transverse semispherical joints, in which the convex part of one is inserted in the concavity of another; and the height from 5 feet to 150.
Page 279 - Mineralogy, vol. i, p. 317, the following note: "This name seems to be derived from fels, a rock, it being commonly found in granites, and not from feld, a field; and hence I write it thus, felspar.
Page 21 - ... accession of foreign matter ; this latter generally produces coarse or rude grains in proportion to the quantity. If the disturbance only takes place in the third stage, we shall have fibres or striae:, as complete surfaces cannot be formed; the striae, having more extension in breadth than the fibres or filaments, argue a smaller degree of disturbance than the mere fibrbus appearance.
Page 442 - This oxid is half the weight of the Prussian blue which the test would afford : its weight must therefore be subtracted from that of the precipitate formed by the test. Hence the weight of the crystals, in a given quantity of the solution, should be noted, that the quantity employed in precipitation may be known. Care must be taken to continue the heat till the oxid of iron becomes brown ; for while it is black it weighs considerably more than it should.
Page 320 - W!»ish argillite in a clayey cement, and of this there is often no more than is barely sufficient to hold the grains together, sometimes with, and sometimes without mica ; commonly compact, sometimes slaty in the gross.