Enduring Creation: Art, Pain, and FortitudeNigel Spivey takes on one of the greatest taboos in Western culture in this brilliantly original work of cultural history: why is so much pain depicted in the art of the West? Beginning with a meditation on Auschwitz, the prizewinning author then takes us on a journey that encompasses the stone-bound screams of classical sculpture, the many depictions of the Crucifixion, the Massacre of the Innocents and St. Sebastians pierced with arrows, self-portraits of the aging Rembrandt, and the tortured art of Vincent van Gogh. Exploring the tender, complex rapport between art and pain, Spivey guides us through the twentieth-century photographs of casualties of war, Edvard Munch's The Scream, and back to the recorded horrors of the Holocaust. Beauty and disfigurement, violence and thrill, horror and comfort—these are pairings fostered throughout Western art, for causes as various as religious martyrdom, judicial torment, artistic virtuosity, and erotic gratification. The ancient Greeks invented tragic drama: but how far was pity for tragedy's victims tempered by the notion of just deserts? The first Christians preached Christ Crucified: why then did it take some five hundred years before images appeared of Christ on the cross? The Massacre of the Innocents was an event that never happened: for what reasons were artists of the Italian Renaissance so eager to show it convincingly? Enduring Creation reveals the amazing power of art to console, to warn, to prepare the viewer for the harsher experiences of life, raising intriguing questions: Can pain be beautiful? Do we always pity suffering? Are sainthood and sadomasochism linked? This compelling study concludes with a positive message of hope for the enduring human spirit. |
Contents
PRELUDE | 6 |
STEPPING WORSTWARDS | 8 |
THE AUDITION OF LAOCOONS SCREAM | 24 |
TEL EST MON PARADIS | 38 |
A MEDIEVAL GLOSSARY | 54 |
VASARI AND THE PANGS OF ST SEBASTIAN | 86 |
THIS IS MY BODY | 100 |
PATHOS BY FORMULA HORROR BY DECREE | 112 |
SALVETE FLORES MARTYRUM | 136 |
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Aby Warburg Adorno aesthetic Alberti altarpiece Anaxarchus ancient arena artist Assisi Auschwitz beauty Black Death blood body Bonsignori Brueghel called Callot canvas Caravaggio century Christ Crucified Christian church claim Classical corpse Council of Trent Cross Crucifixion culture Dante death Delacroix depicting described devotio moderna Diego Velázquez early English essay Europe faith figure France Francesco Franciscan French Fresco Freud Géricault Gogh Gogh's Golden Legend Goya Greek Hell Herod Holbein horror human Innocents Italian Laocoon lives London Luther's Marat Margery Kempe martyrdom martyrs Mary Massacre medieval meditations Meleager Michelangelo modern mother Museum nature Oxford pain painter painting Paris Passion pathos formula perhaps philosopher phrase picture Pietro Lorenzetti pity poet portrait Primo Levi punishment Raphael Rembrandt Renaissance Roman Rome Rubens Sade saint scene sculpture seems self-portraits soul St Francis St Sebastian story Sublime suffering torture translated Vasari verism victims viewers violence words