Muslim National Communism in the Soviet Union: A Revolutionary Strategy for the Colonial WorldIn this study, Bennigsen and Wimbush trace the development of the doctrine of national communism in Central Asia and the Caucasus. At the heart of this doctrine—as elaborated by the Volga Tatar, Mir-Said Sultan Galiev—was the concept of "proletarian nations," as opposed to the traditional notion of a working class. With such ideological innovations, Sultan Galiev and his contemporaries were able to reconcile Marxist nationalisms and Islam and devise an "Eastern strategy" whereby the national revolution was to be spread. The authors show that the ideas of Muslim national communism persist in the land of their birth and have spread to such developing societies as China, Algeria, and Indonesia. This doctrine is an important factor in the ideological split and increasing tensions between industrial and nonindustrial nations, East and West, and now North and South, which grip the world communist movement. |
Contents
From National Socialism to National Communism | 3 |
The Impact of Revolution and Civil War | 19 |
National Communism | 37 |
The Struggle for Power and the Liquidation of the National Communists | 71 |
Photo Section | 86 |
The Legacy of Muslim National Communism | 97 |
Conclusion and Prospects | 123 |
The Social Revolution and the East | 131 |
The Program of the ERK Party | 166 |
Demographics of Soviet Muslim Nationalities | 178 |
Chronology 191728 | 181 |
Biographies | 191 |
Political Parties | 212 |
Glossary | 225 |
Notes | 229 |
Bibliography | 239 |
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Common terms and phrases
Alash Orda antireligious propaganda arrested Azerbaidzhan Azeri Baku Bashkir Baytursun became bourgeois bourgeoisie Bukeykhanov Bukhara Central Asia Central Committee Civil colonial communist organizations Communist party Conference Congress Crimea culture czarist Daghestan East elites ERK Party European February forces Georgian Great-Russian Hümmet Ibragimov ideological imperialism imperialist Iran Iskhaki Islam Istanbul Istorii jadid Kazakh Kazakhstan Kazan Khojaev Komintern leaders leadership Lenin liquidation Marxism Mensheviks military Moscow movement mullah munist Muskom Muslim Communists Muslim national communism Muslim national communists Muslim Socialist Narimanov Narkomnats native non-Russian nostei Obkom October Revolution oppressed Orenburg pan-Islamic pan-Turkic political proletariat purge radical nationalist Red Army regime religious Revoliutsiia revolutionary RSDWP Russian Bolsheviks Ryskulov Shura socialist ideas socialist parties socialist revolution Soviet Muslim Soviet power Soviet Union Sovnarkom Stalin struggle Sultan Galiev Tan Malaka Tashkent Tatar Tatarstan tion Turkestan Turkey Turkic Turkish Ukraine Ukrainian Uzbek Vahitov Volga workers Zeki Validov Zhizn