The Fruit, the Tree, and the Serpent: Why We See So Well

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Harvard University Press, 2009 - Medical - 207 pages

From the temptation of Eve to the venomous murder of the mighty Thor, the serpent appears throughout time and cultures as a figure of mischief and misery. The worldwide prominence of snakes in religion, myth, and folklore underscores our deep connection to the serpent—but why, when so few of us have firsthand experience? The surprising answer, this book suggests, lies in the singular impact of snakes on primate evolution. Predation pressure from snakes, Lynne Isbell tells us, is ultimately responsible for the superior vision and large brains of primates—and for a critical aspect of human evolution.

Drawing on extensive research, Isbell further speculates how snakes could have influenced the development of a distinctively human behavior: our ability to point for the purpose of directing attention. A social activity (no one points when alone) dependent on fast and accurate localization, pointing would have reduced deadly snake bites among our hominin ancestors. It might have also figured in later human behavior: snakes, this book eloquently argues, may well have given bipedal hominins, already equipped with a non-human primate communication system, the evolutionary nudge to point to communicate for social good, a critical step toward the evolution of language, and all that followed.

 

Contents

1 Introduction
1
2 Primate Biogeography
9
3 Why Did Primates Evolve?
36
4 Primate Vision
44
5 Origins of Modern Predators
68
6 Vision and Fear
77
7 Venomous Snakes and Anthropoid Primates
94
8 Why Only Primates?
112
9 Testing the Snake Detection Theory
125
Implications for Humans
145
Neurological Terms and Some of Their Functions
155
References
157
Acknowledgments
201
Index
203
Copyright

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About the author (2009)

Lynne A. Isbell is Professor of Anthropology and Animal Behavior, University of California, Davis.

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