Crusader Castles

Acre Aleppo Anamur Anavarza Arab Armenian army attack bastions besieging building built Byzantine Byzantine castles CALIFORNIA/SANTA CRUZ UNIVERSITY Camardesium captured Chastel Pèlerin Chastel Rouge Christian chroniclers Cilicia Cilician castles cistern concentric castle County of Edessa Crusading architects Crusading castles CRUZ The University curtain wall Cyprus Damascus defence entrance feet feudal fief fire fortification fortress Frankish Franks garrison Genoese Grand Master Hamdoun Hattin Holy Land Hospitallers Ilan inner ward Jerusalem keep Kerak King Krak Kyrenia later Latin Kingdom Levant loopholes lords Lusignan machicolation Mameluks Margat masonry medieval military architecture Military Orders mountain Muslim outer ward Palestine Princes of Antioch ridge round towers Safita Saladin SANTA CRUZ Saone Saphet Saracens Shaizar Silifke square towers St Hilarion stone Subeibe Syria Taurus Templars territory Teutonic Knights Til Hamdoun Tortosa town Tripoli twelfth century Tyre University Library UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA/SANTA upper ward vaulted Venetians wall-walk