Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related ValuesIn his bestselling book Culture's Consequences, Geert Hofstede proposed four dimensions on which the differences among national cultures can be understood: Individualism, Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance and Masculinity. This volume comprises the first in-depth discussion of the masculinity dimension and how it can help us to understand differences among cultures. The book begins with a general explanation of the masculinity dimension, and discusses how it illuminates broad features of different cultures. The following parts apply the dimension more specifically to gender (and gender identity), sexuality (and sexual behaviour) and religion, probably the most influential variable of all. Hofstede closes the book |
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achievement American analysis answers associated authority behavior Britain Chapter collected comparative consequences correlation countries culture decisions dependence described desirable dimensions ecological economic effect employees environment equality example experts fact factor female feminine Figure four France French Germany goals greater HERMES higher human importance increase Index indices individual inequality interest issue Italy language less live lower male managers Masculinity mean measure motivation norm occupations organizations participation pattern PDI countries percent points political population position Power Distance prefer present questionnaire questions relationship relatively respondents role rules samples scores shift shown side social society statistical stress structure subordinates survey tend theory tion Uncertainty Avoidance United University values wealth women