Discipline and Development: Middle Classes and Prosperity in East Asia and Latin AmericaPerhaps the most commonly held assumption in the field of development is that middle classes are the bounty of economic modernization and growth. As countries gradually transcend their agrarian past and become urbanized and industrialized, so the logic goes, middle classes emerge and gain in number, complexity, cultural influence, social prominence, and political authority. Yet this is only half the story. Middle classes shape industrial and economic development, they are not merely its product; the particular ways in which middle classes shape themselves - and the ways historical conditions shape them - influence development trajectories in multiple ways. This is the story of South Korea's and Taiwan's economic successes and Argentina's and Mexico's relative 'failures' through an examination of their rural middle classes and disciplinary capacities. Can disciplining continue in a context where globalization squeezes middle classes and frees capitalists from the state and social contracts in which they have been embedded? |
Contents
Middle Classes and Development Theory | 26 |
Rural Middle Classes and the South | 64 |
Disciplinary Development as Rural MiddleClass | 158 |
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activities agrarian reform agricultural Argentina Buenos Aires Buenos Aires province capacity capital capitalists Cárdenas Carranza chaebols class structure CNOP coalition colonial commitment countries country's countryside cultural decades despite developmental disciplinary development disciplinary ethos discipline domestic early East Asian East Asian tigers especially export fact farm firms forces further global growth historical Ibid identified important industrialists Japanese labor land reform late industrializers Latin America macroeconomic Mexican Mexican Revolution Mexico City military movement organized owed Park Chung Hee Park's party peasants percent Perón political Porfirio Díaz primarily prosperity regional relatively Revolution revolutionary Rhee rural and urban rural development rural middle classes rural middle-class formation rural populations rural producers Saemaul Undong scholars sector small farmers small producers small-farmer small-scale rural social society South Korea state's successful sustain Taiwan Taiwan Miracle Taiwanese urban middle classes urban-based workers working-class Zapata