Elements of Natural Philosophy: Including Mechanics and Hydrostatics, Volume 1 |
Contents
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Common terms and phrases
accelerating action altitude angle augmented axis axle ball beam body breadth celerity centre of buoyancy centre of gravity centre of oscillation centrifugal force circle circumference cohesion column compression consequently cord corresponding curve cycloid cylinder denoted density depression depth descent described diameter diminished direction distance drawn effect ellipse epicycloid equal equilibrium evidently exerted expressed fall feet float fluid friction glass grains half hence horizontal impulsion inches inciting force inclined plane inversely isochronous length lever likewise liquid load mass mercury metacentre miles minute motion mutual oblique parabola parallel parallelopiped particles pendulum perpendicular pipe point of suspension portion position pounds pressure principle produce proportional pulley radius ratio rectilineal retarding side sine sion solid space specific gravity square strain substance Suppose surface suspended tangent tension thickness tion triangle tube velocity vertical vessel weight wheel whence Wherefore whole
Popular passages
Page 275 - Albanian will tarry 800 or 900 lb. on his back, stooping forward and assisting his steps by a short staff. At Marseilles, four porters commonly carry the immense load of nearly two tons, by means of soft hods passing over their heads, and resting on their shoulders, with the ends of poles, from which the goods are suspended.
Page 10 - Taking a short cylinder of silver, about the third part of an inch in diameter, he drilled a fine hole through its axis, and inserted a wire of platinum only the 100th part of an inch thick. This silver mould was now drawn through the successive holes of a steel plate, till its diameter was brought to near the 1500th part of an inch, and consequently the internal wire, being diminished iu the same proportion, was reduced to between the 4 and 5000th part of an inch.
Page xvi - ... material objects ; and the inquisitive philosopher was counselled by the poets to watch that slippery daemon when slumbering on the shore, to bind him, and compel the reluctant captive to reveal his secrets.* This gives a lively picture of the cautious and intrepid advances of the skilful experimenter. He tries to confine the working of nature — he endeavours to distinguish the several principles of action — he seeks to concentrate the predominant agent — and labours to exclude as much...
Page 8 - These are again quartered, and placed between the folds of gold-beaters' skin, and stretched out, by the operation of a lighter hammer, to the breadth of five inches. The same process is repeated, sometimes more than once, by a succession of lighter hammers ; so that...
Page 216 - If the two surfaces which rub against each other are rough and uneven, there is a necessary waste of force, occasioned by the grinding and abrasion of their prominences. But friction subsists after the contiguous surfaces are worked down as regular and smooth as possible. In fact, the most elaborate polish can operate no other change than to diminish the size of the natural asperities. The surface of a body, being moulded by its internal structure, must evidently be furrowed, or toothed, or serrated....
Page 19 - If a leaf of that metal, either pure or with only an 80th part of alloy, and therefore of a fine yellow lustre, but scarcely exceeding the 300,000th part of an inch in thickness, and inclosed between two thin plates of mica, be held immediately before the eye, and opposite to a window, it will transmit a soft green light, like the colour of the water of the sea, or of a clear lake of moderate depth.
Page 11 - Such excessive fineness is hardly surpassed by the filamentous productions of nature. Human hair varies in thickness, from the 250th to the 600th part of an inch. The fibre of the coarsest wool is about the 500th part of an inch in diameter, and that of the finest only the 1500th part.
Page 13 - ... of water. Odors are capable of a much wider diffusion. A single grain of musk has been known to perfume a large room for the space of 20 years.
Page 12 - ... of the hardest stone. The marble steps of the great churches in Italy are worn by the incessant crawling of abject devotees ; nay, the hands and feet of bronze statues are, in the lapse of ages, wasted away by the ardent kisses of innumerable pilgrims that resort to those shrines. What an evanescent pellicle of the metal must be abraded at each successive contact...
Page 13 - A single grain of musk has been known to perfume a large room for the space of twenty years. Consider how often, during that time, the air of the apartment must have been renewed, and have become charged with fresh...