Embassies in Armed ConflictDuring wartime, embassies assume different roles and face various situations. An embassy might represent a belligerent state while being situated in an enemy, an allied, or a neutral state. Conversely, it might represent a neutral state, while having to function in a belligerent state. How does an embassy’s situation affect its priorities? How does it affect its staff and mission? The work and risks they face may vary greatly, but embassies play a key role in war, a time when they are required to give higher priority to military and political intelligence while facing daily risks of attacks and managing media and high-ranking visitors. Embassies in Armed Conflict examines these issues and the problems wartime embassies encounter by looking primarily at the experiences of American, British, and Indian embassies. Written by a leading expert, the book aims to both examine the role of wartime embassies and to provide guidance for those who serve –or wish to serve—in the Foreign Service. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
1 The Military Component | 3 |
2 Embassies in Enemy States | 23 |
3 Neutral Embassies to Belligerents | 68 |
4 Belligerent Embassies to Neutrals | 104 |
5 Embassies to Frontline Allies | 134 |
Conclusion | 173 |
Appendix 1 Heads of British mission at Kabul 200110 | 178 |
Article 5 of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed C... | 179 |
| 182 | |
| 197 | |
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Common terms and phrases
Afghanistan agreement air attaché American embassy Angola Argentina armed conflict attack Baghdad Basra belligerent embassy Berlin Berne Berridge Britain British ambassador British Diplomacy British embassy British legation Cables from Kabul chargé d’affaires Chilcot consulate-general consulates Cowper-Coles Craigie defence section Department Diplomacy in Turkey diplomatic and consular Diplomatic Law diplomatic relations Ellsworth Bunker embassy’s evacuation example exchange fighting FO List forces Foreign Interests foreign ministry Foreign Office Freeman interview frontline ally FRUS German Gulf Gulf War Hägglöf head of mission important Indonesia intelligence officers interned Iraq Iraqi Italian Japan July Kabul Kuwait London Lourenço Marques Memoirs military attaché military component minister Munro naval attaché negotiations neutral embassy non-official operations outbreak party peace feelers Phillips political propaganda protecting power Protection of Foreign Riyadh role Saudi Arabia Second World Second World War service attachés Stockholm Swiss Switzerland Tokyo United usually wartime embassies Winged Diplomat