From the Frontier: Outback letters to Baldwin SpencerThis is the story of three men and three frontiers. In the nineteenth century the centre of the continent was, to white Australians, a vast forbidding emptiness. The completion of the Overland Telegraph Line in the 1870s brought with it a new knowledge of the area, as well as a number of intruders to a landscape familiar to Aboriginal people for thirty millennia. Among the newcomers were a policeman, Ernest Cowle, and a telegraph official, Paddy Byrne, living in frontier settlements hundreds of kilometres from the nearest Europeans. From 1894 to 1925, Cowle and Byrne wrote letters to pioneering anthropologist and biologist, Baldwin Spencer, whom they had met during the 1894 Horn Scientific Expedition to central Australia. Neither expected their letters to be read by any person other than Spencer, and both made observations which they would never voice to each other. Yet through their letters, and the Spencer and Gillen books, they became linked to such giants of intellectual history as James Frazer, Emile Durkheim and Sigmund Freud. And both became figures, however minute, on the frontier of discovery, of new ways of looking at human experience in all its diversity. The subjects of their letters were the Aboriginal people, the landscape in which they lived and the unusual flora and fauna of their habitat. These earthy and thoughtful men offered an extended report from the frontier of the relations between white and black Australians, a place then characterised by mutual incomprehension, outbreaks of violence and the vast distance between two seemingly incompatible ways of responding to an extreme environment. A moment in time, a place on the edge, two men writing to a third; From the Frontier combines local history, race relations and scientific discovery, and enters a place whose very strangeness tells us much about our past-and our present. |
Contents
1 | |
The Cowle Correspondence | 17 |
The Byrne Correspondence | 177 |
Appendix 1 CE Cowle Letters to Edward Stirling | 259 |
Appendix 2 CE Cowle to RH Mathews | 263 |
Appendix 3 Official Police Correspondence | 266 |
Appendix 4 Cost of Escorting Prisoners | 271 |
Appendix 5 Byrnes Kurdaitcha Article 1895 | 274 |
Appendix 6 Surviving Letters from Baldwin Spencer to PM Byrne | 278 |
Notes | 286 |
Bibliography | 328 |
Index | 332 |
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Common terms and phrases
Aboriginal Adelaide Alice Spgs Alice Springs Antechinomys anthropological Arltunga Arrernte Baldwin Spencer Barrow Creek beast Besley blackfellow blacks boys bush Byrne's Calaby Camels Camp cattle central Australia Charlotte Waters Churina Coordeitcha Country Cowle's Creek Cristicauda Crown Point Daer Dear Professor Erldunda Ernest Cowle fancy Finke Finke River George Gill Range Gillen Glen Helen Henbury Hermannsburg Hole hope Horn Expedition horses Illamurta Josiah Symon killed kilometres Kurdaitcha Lake Amadeus letter lizard look lubras marsupial Melbourne miles Mission moles months Mulvaney Museum Native niggers Oodnadatta Overland Telegraph P.M. Byrne Professor Pado police Port Augusta Presumably probably rain sent sincerely C.Ernest.Cowle Sincerely P.M. Byrne Sminthopsis South Australian spear species specimens Spencer and Gillen station Stirling stone Strehlow Symon tell Tempe Downs Tennant Creek told totem trip Willshire Winnecke wrote Xmas