Hate Crimes: The consequences of hate crime

acts African American anti-BGL hate crime antigay Asian Americans assault attacks Australia behavior Berrill bias crimes bias-motivated bisexual British Crime Survey chapter consequences context countryside criminal justice Criminology cultural D'Augelli emotional experience experienced fear feel Foucault gay and lesbian gender harassment harm of hate hate crime victims hate violence Herek heterosexual homophobia homophobic violence homosexuality human rights identity Iganski illocutionary illocutionary force impact of hate incidents individual interview involved Jon Garland Journal justice system lesbian-identified lesbians lesbians and gay Levin LGBT lives maledictive hate Matthew Shepard McDevitt narratives National Noelle Non-racially motivated offenders one's participants perceived percent perpetrators physical police psychological question race racially motivated racist reported response risk rural safety sexual orientation social speech suggest survey targeted threat Tiby tion transgender University Press Victim Support victims of crime victims of hate vilification visibility vulnerable women Won-Joon Yoon York