Human Rights and Social Policy in the 21st Century: A History of the Idea of Human Rights and Comparison of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights with United States Federal and State ConstitutionsAt the dawn of the 21st century, the idea of human rights has become a powerful social construct to fulfill human needs. This revised edition emphasizes the need to create a human rights culture, where public sentiment is in accord with human rights principles, especially those asserted in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, signed by the U.S. in 1948 and today increasingly referred to as customary international law. The book includes a foreword by David Gill. |
Contents
INTRODUCTION | 3 |
RELEVANCE OF THIS RESEARCH PROJECT | 5 |
PERSONAL MOTIVATIONS IN THIS RESEARCH PROJECT | 9 |
Experiences in Europe and Alaska | 10 |
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE | 13 |
THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS | 16 |
A HISTORY OF THE IDEA OF HUMAN RIGHTS | 25 |
THE NATURE OF RIGHTS | 26 |
The Final Debates | 100 |
Civil and Political Rights | 101 |
Economic Social and Cultural Rights | 110 |
On Duties and Solidarity Rights | 114 |
Additional Proposals | 116 |
BEYOND THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION 1949THE PRESENT | 118 |
United Nations Developments | 119 |
Regional Developments | 122 |
The Relation Between Needs and Rights | 27 |
The Three Generations of Rights | 29 |
Kinds of Rights | 32 |
The Interdependence of Rights | 34 |
HUMAN RIGHTS IN ANTIQUITY | 36 |
Judaism | 38 |
Christianity | 40 |
Islam | 43 |
The Greeks | 45 |
The Romans | 48 |
THE MIDDLE AGES | 50 |
Social Theorists | 51 |
Historical Documents | 55 |
THE RENAISSANCE | 59 |
Social Theorists | 61 |
Historical Document | 63 |
THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT | 64 |
Doctrine of Humanitarian Intervention | 65 |
Social Theorists | 67 |
The French Philosophers | 69 |
Other Social Theorists | 70 |
Native American Influence | 72 |
Historical Documents | 73 |
Developments in England | 75 |
Further Developments in the United States | 76 |
Developments in France | 78 |
THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALIZATION | 81 |
Historical Documents | 85 |
THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS | 88 |
THE UNITED NATIONS AND BEYOND | 91 |
First Meetings of the Commission on Human Rights | 94 |
The Draft of the Secretariat | 96 |
Input from the UNESCO Committee on the Philosophic Basis for Human Rights | 97 |
Developments Before the Third Session of the Commission | 98 |
Theoretical Developments | 125 |
The Vienna Declaration of Human Rights to the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Universal Declaration | 130 |
COMPARISON OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION WITH THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS | 135 |
ANALYSIS OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION IN COMPARISON WITH THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS | 137 |
Discussion | 151 |
Discussion of the General Welfare and Establish Justice Clauses | 154 |
The General Welfare Clause | 155 |
COMPARISON OF STATE CONSTITUTIONS WITH THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS | 161 |
ANALYSIS OF STATE CONSTITUTIONS IN COMPARISON WITH THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS | 162 |
New Hampshire | 163 |
Massachusetts | 165 |
Rhode Island | 167 |
Connecticut | 169 |
Vermont | 171 |
Discussion | 172 |
Partial Rights | 174 |
Summative Statements | 175 |
IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL POLICY | 183 |
STRATEGIES TO MODIFY UNITED STATES CONSTITUTIONS | 186 |
Specific Recommendations For Constitutional Change | 187 |
Additional Strategies | 190 |
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE IN THE HUMAN SERVICES | 193 |
PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN ADVANCING HUMAN RIGHTS | 196 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY CHAPTERS ONE TO SIX | 201 |
CREATING A HUMAN RIGHTS CULTURE | 223 |
An Educational Agenda for the 21st Century | 229 |
SCIENCE AND INDIGENOUS CULTURES | 243 |
SOCIAL ACTION IN THE STRUGGLE FOR HUMAN DIGNITY | 255 |
ON THE UN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEES CONSIDERATION OF THE INITIAL REPORT OF THE USA ON THE INTERNATIONAL COVE... | 281 |
| 287 | |
TESTIMONY FOR THE Act To Protect Universal Human Rights to Work and Live Life in Dignity | 299 |
| 303 | |
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Common terms and phrases
abuses Age of Enlightenment Alston amendment American Amnesty International appears Article 25 authority Bill of Rights Charter citizens civil and political clause Commission on Human committee concern Convention countries Covenant cultural rights customary international law Declaration of Human discrimination document duties Ebenstein economic and social Eleanor Roosevelt emphasized employment equal protection example Federal Constitution Filartiga fundamental furthermore guarantees human dignity human needs human rights culture idea of human implementation indigenous individual international human rights international order issues liberty Magna Carta Native American negative freedoms peace person philosophical political rights positive freedoms poverty principles promote realized religion Rene Cassin rights and freedoms social and international social justice social policy social rights social theorists society solidarity rights Soviet Springfield College Supreme Court torture United Nations United States Constitution Universal Declaration University Press USSR welfare Weston Wronka York