Immersion EducationRobert Keith Johnson, Merrill Swain Within bilingual education, more and more programs are adopting the option of immersion education, in which a second language is used as the medium of instruction. This volume illustrates the implementation immersion education in North America, Europe, Asia, the Pacific, and Africa, showing its use in programs ranging from preprimary to tertiary level and demonstrating how it can function in foreign language teaching, for teaching a minority language to members of the language majority, for reviving or supporting languages at risk of extinction, and for helping learners acquire a language needed for wider communication or career advancement. A final section reviews lessons learned from experiences with immersion and explores new directions the approach is taking. This text will be of interest to teachers, teacher educators, and others involved in bilingual education. |
Contents
IMMERSION IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE | 17 |
A decade of French immersion | 44 |
IMMERSION FOR MAJORITYLANGUAGE STUDENTS IN | 63 |
A state | 85 |
IMMERSION FOR LANGUAGE REVIVAL | 103 |
IMMERSION FOR LANGUAGE SUPPORT | 131 |
Reflections on immersion education in the Basque | 151 |
IMMERSION IN A LANGUAGE OF POWER | 167 |
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Common terms and phrases
academic achievement activities adjunct administrators African areas assessment Basque Basque Country Basque language Benowa bilingual education Canada Catalan immersion Catalonia Chinese cohort culture curriculum discussion DL schools education system English English-medium enrolled evaluation example factors Finland Finnish foreign language French immersion gram grammar guage Hawai'i Hawaiian language Hong Kong Hungarian immersion classes immersion classroom immersion education immersion language immersion program immersion pupils immersion students immersion teachers interaction Key School kindergarten language immersion language learning language proficiency language teachers late immersion learners materials medium of instruction Merrill Swain Molteno Project native language native speakers nonimmersion oral parents pedagogical preschool primary school problems Pūnana Leo reading role second language acquisition Singapore sion skills social Spanish-speaking strategies success Swain Swedish target language taught teaching tion University of Ottawa University of Vaasa writing