Invention and Economic Growth

American Annual appear Appendix application average building capital goods invention cars century changes chapter chemical coefficient Column combined compared considered consumer continued corporate correlation cost counted course cycles decline demand determined deviations distribution earlier economic effect electrical engineering England equipment estimated evidence existing expected explain fact field Figure firms given granted growth hypothesis important inventions improvements included increase independent indicated individual industry interest inventive activity inventors issued Journal knowledge later lead less locomotive machine major means moving average output patents peak percent percentage period Petroleum petroleum refining possible potential present probably problems production technology progress railroad reason reflect relation relative reported research and development scientific discoveries seems share significant similar Source suggests Table technical tend tion trend turn United University usually variables workers