On the Banks of the Gaṅgā: When Wastewater Meets a Sacred RiverIn this rich ethnographic study, Kelly D. Alley sheds light on debates about water uses, wastewater management, and the meanings of waste and sacred power. On the Banks of the Ganga analyzes the human predicaments that result from the accumulation and disposal of waste by tracing how citizens of India interpret the impact of wastewater flows on a sacred river and on their own cultural practices. Alley investigates ethno-semantic, discursive, and institutional data to flesh out the interplay between religious, scientific, and official discourses about the river Ganga. Using a new outward layering methodology, she points out that anthropological analysis must separate the historical and discursive strands of the debates concerning waste and sacred purity in order to reveal the cultural complexities that surround the Ganga. Ultimately, she addresses a deeply rooted cultural paradox: if the Ganga river is considered sacred by Hindus across India, then why do the people allow it to become polluted? Examining areas of contemporary concern such as water usage and urban waste management in the most populated river basin in the world, this book will appeal to anthropologists and readers in religious, environmental, and Asian studies, as well as geography and law. Kelly D. Alley is Associate Professor and Director of Anthropology at Auburn University. In addition to being a prolific writer, she has conducted research on public culture and environmental issues in northern India for over a decade. Alley is currently overseeing a project to ameliorate river pollution problems in India. |
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Contents
List of Illustrations | ix |
Acknowledgments | xi |
Field Methods and Layers of Data | 1 |
Contours of the Geographic Cultural and Theoretical Fields | 17 |
The Polyvalency of Purity and Pollution | 36 |
The Power of Ganga | 50 |
Sacred Purity and Uncleanness | 75 |
Purity and Flow | 106 |
The Institutions of Wastewater Management | 155 |
Contesting Water Quality and Mapping Wastewater | 180 |
Transcendence and Immanence | 207 |
Conclusion Toward a Paradigm of Discourses and Powers | 232 |
Notes | 249 |
Glossary | 265 |
Bibliography | 267 |
293 | |
Defilement and Fouling in Colonial Law | 121 |
Pollution and the Emergence of Judicial Activism | 140 |
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activists activities agencies argued authority Banaras Banks become bodies called canal caste central CHAPTER Chinmayananda citizens clean Code colonial communication concern considered construction context Control Court created cultural Daśāśvamedha debates defilement direct discourses discussion domains ecological effect Environment environmental explained field flow gandagi Gangā Ganga Action Plan ghāt groups Hindu human important impurity India industrial institutional interest issue Jal Nigam justice Kanpur material meanings ment Mother municipal nature notion officials organization paņdās pilgrims political pollution Pollution Control Board position practices priests problems projects purity refer relations religious religious leaders reports residents resource ritual river rules sacred scientific semantic separate sewage social sources space studies suggest tion transcendent treatment plants uncleanness understanding waste wastewater water quality
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