Pontnewydd Cave: A Lower Palaeolithic Hominid Site in Wales : the First Report

angular archaeological Area artefacts assemblage blocks bone breakage brown 10YR calcite carbonate cave entrance Cefn cemented cherts clasts coarse Collcutt crystal tuff dates Dawkins debris flow Deep Sounding deposits derived detrital East Passage Elwy Valley emplacement erratics excavation fauna feldspar-phyric lava flakes flint flowstone fluorine fluvial fragments glacial handaxes hominid Intermediate complex Irish Sea Irish Sea Ice Laminated layers lepispheric Levallois Cores Levallois technique lithozone Lower Breccia Lower Sands LSGs matrix colour modern molar Mousterian Palaeolithic pebbles Plate Pleistocene Pontnewydd Cave possible present probably quartz quartz grain raw materials RCEb Red Cave Earth result retouch rhyolite River Elwy rock Sands and Gravels Scale sediment sequence Side-scraper siliceous siliceous gravel silicic tuff Silt beds South Fissure South Passage specimens speleothems stalagmite stratigraphic suggests Table taurodontism textures thick travertine tuff units unstratified Upper Breccia uranium USGS Vale of Clwyd wall