Population Dynamics, the Environment, and Demand for Water and Energy in Namibia

affect agricultural already alternative arid average base batteries building capacity capital cattle causes challenge changes clear communal constraints consumers costs crop dams degradation depend drought economic efficiency electricity energy resources ensure environment environmental environmental costs essential estimated expensive extraction farmers farming fertility Figure fuel fuelwood future Government grazing grid growing population households human important improved increase industries inefficient investment irrigation land less limited litre livestock living standards long term lost majority means measures meet million mines Municipal Namibia natural resources needs Okavango particularly pasture planning population growth potential pressure principle productivity promote protection rainfall reduce renewable requires result rivers rural areas rural households scarce scarcity seasonal sector soil solar sources strategies sustainable switch techniques trees urban urbanisation vegetation water consumption water demand water pricing water supply Windhoek