Science and Civilisation in China, Part 6, MedicineThe latest volume in Joseph Needham's magisterial review of China's premodern scientific and technological traditions introduces the history of medicine. Following the deaths of Joseph Needham and Lu Gwei-Djen, a considerable amount of written material on the development of Chinese medicine awaited publication. This material has been gathered together by the editor, Nathan Sivin, in the five essays contained in this volume. They offer a broad and readable account of medicine in culture, including hygiene and preventive medicine, forensic medicine and immunology, and the examinations taken by some Chinese physicians for more than a thousand years. Professor Sivin has edited the essays, expanding them where appropriate and incorporating the results of recent research. His extensive introduction discusses the contributions of Needham and Lu, placing the essays in context, and surveys recent scholarship from China, Japan, Europe and the United States. |
Contents
3 The fathers and their history p | 45 |
4 Influences of bureaucratism on Chinese medicine p | 52 |
6 Acupuncture p | 60 |
b Hygiene and preventive medicine p | 67 |
3 Ancient literature p | 70 |
4 The Yellow Emperors treatise p | 74 |
5 Hygiene mental and physical p | 76 |
6 Principles of nutritional regimen p | 78 |
5 Methods of inoculation p | 140 |
6 Attenuation p | 143 |
7 Variolation in the West p | 145 |
8 Vaccination p | 149 |
9 The background religious tradition in China p | 154 |
10 The ethnographical dimension p | 164 |
11 Conclusion p | 168 |
Editors note p | 169 |
7 Personal hygiene and sanitation p | 84 |
8 Care of teeth p | 90 |
the example of rabies p | 91 |
10 Comparisons and conclusions p | 92 |
c Qualifying examinations p | 95 |
2 Medical posts p | 96 |
3 Medical teaching p | 98 |
5 Provincial medical education p | 104 |
6 Sung medical education p | 105 |
7 Sung medical examinations p | 108 |
8 Islamic influence on Europe p | 111 |
9 Chinese influence on Islam p | 112 |
10 Conclusion p | 113 |
d The origins of immunology p | 114 |
2 Smallpox in history p | 124 |
3 Aetiology and theory in China p | 127 |
4 The earliest mentions of inoculation p | 134 |
e Forensic medicine p | 175 |
1 Sung Tzhu and his times p | 177 |
2 The Hsi yüan chi lu p | 178 |
3 Forensic medicine in China before Sung Tzhu p | 179 |
4 The bamboo slips of Chhin p | 181 |
5 Earlier evidence p | 186 |
6 The development of the subject in Yüan and Ming p | 187 |
7 The development of the subject in Chhing times p | 188 |
8 Matters of medical interest p | 192 |
9 Some comparisons with Europe p | 196 |
Editions and translations of Hsi yüan chi lu p | 199 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIES | 201 |
List of abbreviations p | 202 |
Chinese and Japanese books to +1800 p | 205 |
| 219 | |
GENERAL INDEX Table of Chinese Dynasties Romanisation conversion tables Index | 235 |
Common terms and phrases
18th century 3rd century acupuncture alchemy ancient Anon body Buddhist Chang chêng Chhen chhi chhu chia chien chih chin China Chinese medicine ching Chou chuan Chung tou Chung-i Chung-kuo civilisation classical Confucian cowpox culture disease drugs dynasty early Editor Emperor epidemic Europe examinations Fan Hsing-chun fang forensic medicine historians history of medicine Hsi yüan lu hsien Hsü hsüeh Huang i-hsüeh important inoculation inoculum ISTC Joseph Needham Ko Hung kuan kuei later Mêng method miao Ming modern moxibustion official organisation patients Peking pên tshao period phien physicians pien ping Pinyin poison practice practitioners pustules saponins scabs scholars Shang Shên shêng shih Sivin smallpox smallpox inoculation social Sung dynasty Taoist technique Thang Thao therapy tion Tou chen tradition translation tsung vaccination variola Wade-Giles Wang wên Western Yellow Emperor
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