State and Government in Medieval Islam: An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Political Theory : the Jurists

Abbasid accepted according action affairs al-Dīn Allāh amir appears appointed Arabic authority became become believers belonged caliph called carry century civil claim command concerned considered continued contract death discussion divine doctrine duty early election established evil exercise existence fact followers force functions further give given hand held hold Ibid ideal imām imamate important incumbent individual interpretation Islam judgement jurists justice king kingship knowledge known land later leader limited maintain matter means Muhammad Muslim nature necessary obedience obligation period permissible Persian person philosophy points political position possession possible practice principle prophet protect qualities question quoted Qur'ān reason recognised reference regard religion religious remained rule ruler subjects sultan Sunni term theory things tradition translated true unjust valid various wazir