The Epic of Gilgamesh: An English Verison with an IntroductionN. K. Sandars's landmark translation of one of the first and greatest works of Western literature A Penguin Classic Gilgamesh, King of Uruk, and his companion Enkidu are the only heroes to have survived from the ancient literature of Babylon, immortalized in this epic poem that dates back to the third millennium BC. Together they journey to the Spring of Youth, defeat the Bull of Heaven and slay the monster Humbaba. When Enkidu dies, Gilgamesh’s grief and fear of death are such that they lead him to undertake a quest for eternal life. A timeless tale of morality, tragedy and pure adventure, The Epic of Gilgamesh is a landmark literary exploration of man’s search for immortality. N. K. Sandars’s lucid, accessible translation is prefaced by a detailed introduction that examines the narrative and historical context of the work. In addition, there is a glossary of names and a map of the Ancient Orient. For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators. |
Contents
INTRODUCTION | 5 |
The Discovery of the Tablets | 7 |
The Historical Background | 11 |
The Literary Background | 15 |
The Hero of the Epic | 18 |
The Principal Gods of the Epic | 21 |
The Story | 28 |
Survival | 42 |
THE EPIC OF GILGAMESH | 59 |
THE COMING OF ENKIDU | 60 |
THE FOREST JOURNEY | 68 |
ISHTAR AND GILGAMESH AND THE DEATH OF ENKIDU | 83 |
THE SEARCH FOR EVERLASTING LIFE | 95 |
THE STORY OF THE FLOOD | 106 |
THE RETURN | 112 |
THE DEATH OF GILGAMESH | 116 |
The Diction of the Epic | 45 |
Remarks on this Version | 47 |
Acknowledgements | 57 |
Glossary of Names | 118 |
Sources | 124 |
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Common terms and phrases
Akkadian Assurbanipal Assyrian Atra-hasis boat Boghazköy brother Bull of Heaven cedar forest century darkness was thick dead death of Enkidu Death of Gilgamesh Deluge destiny Dilmun dream earth Eastern Texts Enkidu Enlil Enmerkar Epic of Gilgamesh episode Ereshkigal excavation face father fell ferryman flood FOREST JOURNEY gate Gilga Gilgamesh Epic glorious Shamash goddess gods Gudea heard heart hero Hittite Humbaba Inanna Ishtar killed the Bull king King-List Kish lament land leagues the darkness lion living long journey lord Lugulbanda Man-Scorpion mankind mesh Mesopotamia mother mountain night Nineveh Ninsun Ninurta Nippur Ocean Old Babylonian opened his mouth Persian recension second millennium Semitic seven Shamash shepherd Shurrupak Siduri sleep storm story Sultantepe Sumerian Sumerian poem survived tablets temple third millennium translation trapper underworld Urshanabi Uruk Utnapishtim wall wander waters of death Weep wild bull wilderness wind woman