Masada Myth: Collective Memory and Mythmaking in IsraelIn 73 A.D., legend has it, 960 Jewish rebels under siege in the ancient desert fortress of Masada committed suicide rather than surrender to a Roman legion. Recorded in only one historical source, the story of Masada was obscure for centuries. In The Masada Myth, Israeli sociologist Nachman Ben-Yehuda tracks the process by which Masada became an ideological symbol for the State of Israel, the dramatic subject of movies and miniseries, a shrine venerated by generations of Zionists and Israeli soldiers, and the most profitable tourist attraction in modern Israel. Ben-Yehuda describes how, after nearly 1800 years, the long, complex, and unsubstantiated narrative of Josephus Flavius was edited and augmented in the twentieth century to form a simple and powerful myth of heroism. He looks at the ways this new mythical narrative of Masada was created, promoted, and maintained by pre-state Jewish underground organizations, the Israeli army, archaeological teams, mass media, youth movements, textbooks, the tourist industry, and the arts. He discusses the various organizations and movements that created “the Masada experience” (usually a ritual trek through the Judean desert followed by a climb to the fortress and a dramatic reading of the Masada story), and how it changed over decades from a Zionist pilgrimage to a tourist destination. Placing the story in a larger historical, sociological, and psychological context, Ben-Yehuda draws upon theories of collective memory and mythmaking to analyze Masada’s crucial role in the nation-building process of modern Israel and the formation of a new Jewish identity. An expert on deviance and social control, Ben-Yehuda looks in particular at how and why a military failure and an enigmatic, troubling case of mass suicide (in conflict with Judaism’s teachings) were reconstructed and fabricated as a heroic tale. |
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Masada Myth: Collective Memory and Mythmaking in Israel Nachman Ben-Yehuda No preview available - 1996 |
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archaeology armored units Aviv Bamaale battle Beitar Ben-Yehuda Bnei Akiva Brit Habirionim British cable car ceremonies chapter climbed to Masada collective memory commander commit suicide context created cultural debate discussed Ein Gedi Elazar Ben-Yair elements Eretz Israel Etzel excavations fact fight fighters Flavius's fortress Gedi Haaretz Hagana Hanoar Haoved Vehalomed Hashomer Hatzair Hatzofim Hebrew heroes heroic heroism ideological important interesting interpretation interview Israeli army issue Jerusalem Jewish Israeli Jews Josephus Flavius Josephus's Klosner Lamdan's Lehi Livne Maariv Mahanot Haolim major Masada complex Masada mythical narrative Masada narrative mentioned moral Moreover Moshe myth original narrative Palestine Palmach period political question Revolt Roman army Roman siege secular Shmaria Guttman Sicarii siege ramp social construction soldiers speeches story symbol Tel Aviv texts tion tive top of Masada trek trips to Masada Yair Yigael Yadin Yishuv Yitzhak youth movements Zealots Zerubavel Zionist