The Pregnant Surgical Patient

abdominal abnormalities acute adverse agents Anesth Analg anesthesia and surgery Anesthesiology anomalies artery associated beta-adrenergic birth blood flow Brodsky calcium cancer cardiovascular cause cells cesarean section Clin clinical concentrations congenital cortisol decreased delivery diabetic diagnosis diazepam disease doses drugs embryos enflurane epidural Etomidate exposed exposure factors fentanyl fetal heart rate fetal hypoxia fetus gastric gestation halothane hormone human hypoglycemia hypotension hypothyroidism infants inhaled anesthetics insulin intravenous isoflurane ketamine laparotomy leukemia levels local anesthetics magnesium sulfate malformations maternal and fetal metabolism mg/kg mice mortality mother nancy narcotics neonatal nitrous oxide nonpregnant normal Obstet Gynecol occur offspring oxygen pancreatitis perinatal period phenobarbital physiologic placental plasma preg pregnancy pregnant patient Pregnant Surgical Patient pregnant women premature labor pressure preterm labor propranolol rats renal reported respiratory result risk second trimester serum Shnider SM spontaneous abortion studies Syndrome teratogenic Teratology therapy thyroid tion toxicity treatment tumors uterus vascular weeks