The Wolves of Algonquin Park: A 12 Year Ecological Study

adult moose Algonquin Park wolves Algonquin Provincial Park Algonquin wolves analysis animals annual mortality average beaver behaviour biomass boundaries breeding canids Canine parvovirus Canis lupus carcasses Chapter collared compensatory coyotes decline deer and moose deer fawn deer population density dependence described dispersal ecological exploitation extraterritorial packs female Figure forest Frontenac Axis genetic gray wolf habitat Hardwood human killing hybrids increase Jack Pine Jocko Lake km² Lake deer yard Lake pack logging lycaon male Mech migration migratory wolves moose calf morphological North numbers nutrient/climate ceiling occurred Ontario pack sizes pack's percent frequency Pimlott population density prey pups radio-collared wolves red wolf Redpole rendezvous sites resident packs Round Lake deer scat skull study area summer Theberge tion ungulate University of Waterloo vacant territories white-tailed deer Wildlife winter wolf density wolf food wolf killing Wolf Pack Wolf Pack Territories wolf population wolf predation yearling recruitment