Water Treatment Operator Handbook

acid activated carbon alkalinity alum amount aquifer AWWA backwash CaCO3 calcium calculated chapter chemical chloramination chlorine dioxide chlorine residual coagulation compliance compounds contaminants corrosion Cryptosporidium dioxide disinfection distribution system dosage drinking water effluent equipment feed feeder Figure filtration finished water floc flocculation flow rate fluoride gallons groundwater HAA5 hardness Hazard head loss hypochlorite IESWTR ion exchange iron and manganese jar testing lime locations magnesium manganese measured membrane mg/L milligrams per litre millilitres monitoring MTBE needed organic oxidation oxygen ozone particles percent pipe pressure produce pump raw water regulations removal safety sample sand sedimentation basin slow sand filter sludge soda ash sodium softening solids solution source water surface water tank temperature tion treatment process TTHM turbidimeter turbidity unit USEPA utilities Valve wash water quality water supplies water treatment water treatment plants Water Works Association