Witnesses of War: Children's Lives Under the NazisChildren lay at the heart of the Nazi war. The Nazis murdered Jewish, gypsy and disabled children, so that the pure-bred German child would inherit the new colonial empire being conquered in the East. Yet in the final weeks of the war, the regime would devour its own, calling on the very teenagers it had so lauded to sacrifice themselves on the 'altar of the fatherland', as it sent teenage girls to flak batteries and boys to fight Soviet tanks, or to hunt down escaped concentration camp inmates. Although the Nazi regime separated children on the basis of race and national identity, the experience of children does not fall into tidy categories. passive victims of genocide, bombing, mechanised warfare, starvation policies and mass flight. They were also active participants, going out to smuggle food, ply the black market, and care for sick parents and siblings. As they absorbed the brutal new realities of German occupation, Polish boys played at being Gestapo interrogators, and Jewish children at being ghetto guards or the SS. Within days of Germany's own surrender, German children were playing at being Russian soldiers. As they imagined themselves in the roles of their enemies, children expressed their hopes, fears and envy in their play. Drawing on a wide range of new sources, from welfare and medical files to private diaries, letters and drawings, Nicholas Stargardt evokes the individual voices of children under Nazi rule. In re-creating their wartime experiences, he has produced a challenging new historical interpretation of the Second World War. |
Contents
Germans at War | 21 |
Disciplined Youth | 56 |
Medical Murder | 80 |
Copyright | |
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adults air raids asylum Auschwitz became began Ben-David Gershon Bergau Berlin Birkenau Boberach bombing boys Breitenau cellar chil child cities civilian concentration camp Czech Dawid Sierakowiak death Deutsche Deutschen Deutschland diary DöW dren East Prussia eastern Essen ethnic Germans evacuation family camp father fear Frankfurt front Führer Gève girls Goebbels Hadamar Hamburg Heinz Hitler Youth Holocaust Ibid interview Janina Jewish children Jews JMPTC July killed Kinder Krieg labour Lebensborn letters Liselotte Łódź Łódź ghetto London looked March military months mother Munich murder Nationalsozialismus Nazi Nazi Germany Nazism night numbers officers parents play Poland Poles police Polish prisoners Red Army reformatory refugees regime Russian Scheuern sent Sept September shot soldiers Soviet streets teenagers Terezín Theresienstadt Third Reich tion took town village Volkssturm Warsaw ghetto Wartheland Wehrmacht West women workers wrote Yehuda Bacon young