Planetary Systems: The Long View

abundance accretion assumed atmosphere belt bodies calculations carbon close cloud collisions comets composition considered convection core density depends detected disk distance distribution dust dynamics early Earth eccentricity effect energy envelope equation estimate et al evidence evolution experiments field Figure flux formation formed giant planets grains heat Icarus impact important increase initial ions Jupiter larger layer less limit Mars Martian mass material mean measurements mechanism motion Nature nebula objects observed obtained orbital organic origin outer parameters particles period phase physical planetary planetesimals possible present Press pressure processes range ratio recent References region relative rotation satellites Saturn scale scattered Science shown simulations solar system solid Space sphere stars stellar structure suggest surface temperature tion Titan University Venus wind