and Pain are such constant yoke-fellows, and that they either make their visits together, or are never far asunder. If Pain comes into a heart he is quickly followed by Pleasure; and if Pleasure enter, you may be sure Pain is not far off.

But notwithstanding this marriage was very convenient for the two parties, it did not seem to answer the intention of Jupiter in sending them among mankind. To remedy therefore this inconvenience, it was stipulated between them by article, and confirmed by the consent of each family, that notwithstanding they here possessed the species indifferently; upon the death of every single person, if he was found to have in him a certain proportion of evil, he should be despatched into the infernal regions by a passport from Pain, there to dwell with Misery, Vice, and the Furies. Or on the contrary, if he had in him a certain proportion of good, he should be despatched into heaven by a passport from Pleasure, there to dwell with Happiness,

Virtue, and the gods.'

L.

On the first of that month he grew dull;
On the second, appeared drowsy;
On the third, fell a yawning;
On the fourth, began to nod;
On the fifth, dropped asleep;
On the sixth, was heard to snore;
On the seventh, turned himself in his bed;
On the eighth, recovered his former pos
ture;

On the ninth, fell a stretching;

On the tenth, about midnight, awaked; On the eleventh, in the morning, called for a little small beer.

This account I have extracted out of the journal of this sleeping worthy, as it has been faithfully kept by a gentleman of Lincoln's-inn who has undertaken to be his historiographer. I have sent it to you, not only as it represents the actions of Nicholas of the life of many an honest English genHart, but as it seems a very natural picture tleman, whose whole history, very often, turning, sleeping, drinking, and the like exconsists of yawning, nodding, stretching, traordinary particulars. I do not question, sir, that, if you pleased, you could put out an advertisement not unlike the aboveNo. 184.] Monday, October 1, 1711. mentioned, of several men of figure; that Mr. John Such-a-one, gentleman, or Tho-Opere in longo fas est obrepere somnum. mas Such-a-one, esquire, who slept in the Hor. Ars Poet. v. 360. country last summer, intends to sleep in Who labours long, may be allowed to sleep. town this winter. The worst of it is, that WHEN a man has discovered a new vein the drowsy part of our species is chiefly of humour, it often carries him much far-made up of very honest gentlemen, who ther than he expected from it. My corre-live quietly among their neighbours, withspondents take the hint I give them, and out ever disturbing the public peace. They pursue it into speculations which I never are drones without stings. I could heartily thought of at my first starting it. This has wish, that several turbulent, restless, ambibeen the fate of my paper on the match of tious spirits, would for a while change grinning, which has already produced a places with these good men, and enter second paper on parallel subjects, and themselves into Nicholas Hart's fraternity. brought me the following letter by the last Could one but lay asleep a few busy heads post. I shall not premise any thing to it, which I could name, from the first of Nofarther than that it is built on matter ofvember next to the first of May ensuing,* fact, and is as follows:

I question not but it would very much redound to the quiet of particular persons, as well as to the benefit of the public.

'SIR,-You have already obliged the world with a discourse upon grinning, and But to return to Nicholas Hart: I behave since proceeded to whistling, from lieve, sir, you will think it a very extraorwhence you at length came to yawning; dinary circumstance for a man to gain his from this, I think, you may make a very livelihood by sleeping, and that rest should natural transition to sleeping. I there-procure a man sustenance as well as indusfore recommend to you for the subject of a caper the following advertisement, which about two months ago was given into every body's hands, and may be seen with some additions in the Daily Courant of August

the ninth.

"Nicholas Hart, who slept last year in Saint Bartholomew's hospital, intends to sleep this year at the Cock and Bottle in Little-Britain."

Having since inquired into the matter of fact, I find that the above-mentioned Nicholas Hart is every year seized with a periodical fit of sleeping, which begins upon the fifth of August, and ends on the eleventh of the same month ·

try; yet so it is, that Nicholas got last year enough to support himself for a twelvemonth. I am likewise informed that he has this year had a very comfortable nap. The poets value themselves very much for sleeping on Parnassus, but I never heard they got a groat by it. On the contrary, our friend Nicholas gets more by sleeping than he could by working, and may be more properly said, than ever Homer was, to have had golden dreams. Juvenal indeed mentions a drowsy husband who raised an estate by snoring, but then he is represented

* At that time the session of parliament usually continued from November till May.

to have slept what the common people call a dog's sleep; or if his sleep was real, his wife was awake, and about her business. Your pen, which loves to moralize upon all subjects, may raise something, methinks, on this circumstance also, and point cut to us those sets of men, who, instead of growing rich by an honest industry recommend themselves to the favour of the great, by making themselves agreeable companions in the participations of luxury and pleasure.

'I must further acquaint you, sir, that one of the most eminent pens in Grubstreet is now employed in writing the dream of this miraculous sleeper, which I hear will be of more than ordinary length, as it must contain all the particulars that are supposed to have passed in his imagination during so long a sleep. He is said to have gone already through three days and three nights of it, and to have comprised in them the most remarkable passages of the four first empires of the world. If he can keep free from party strokes, his work may be of use; but this I much doubt, having been informed by one of his friends and confidents, that he has spoken some things of Nimrod with too great freedom. I am ever, sir, &c.' L.

No. 185.] Tuesday, October 2, 1711.

-Tantæne animis cœlestibus iræ ?

Virg. Æn. i. 15.

And dwells such fury in celestial breasts ? THERE is nothing in which men more deceive themselves than in what the world calls zeal. There are so many passions which hide themselves under it, and so many mischiefs arising from it, that some have gone so far as to say it would have been for the benefit of mankind if it had never been reckoned in the catalogue of virtues. It is certain, where it is once laudable and prudential, it is an hundred times criminal and erroneous; nor can it be otherwise, if we consider that it operates with equal violence in all religions, however opposite they may be to one another, and in all the subdivisions of each religion in particular.

opinion, sets himself above him in his own
judgment, and in several particulars pre
This is a
tends to be the wiser person.
great provocation to the proud man, and
gives a very keen edge to what he calls his
zeal. And that this is the case very often,
we may observe from the behaviour of
some of the most zealous for orthodoxy,
who have often great friendships and inti-
macies with vicious immoral men, provided
they do but agree with them in the same
scheme of belief. The reason is, because
the vicious believer gives the precedency
to the virtuous man, and allows the good
Christian to be the worthier person, at the
same time that he cannot come up to his
perfections. This we find exemplified in
that trite passage which we see quoted in
almost every system of ethics, though upon
another occasion:

Video meliora proboque,
Deteriora sequor- -

Ovid. Met. vii. 20.

On the contrary, it is certain, if our zeal were true and genuine, we should be much more angry with a sinner than a heretic; since there are several cases which may excuse the latter before his great Judge, but none which can excuse the former.

Interest is likewise a great inflamer, and sets a man on persecution under the colour of zeal. For this reason we find none are so forward to promote the true worship by fire and sword, as those who find their present account in it. But I shall extend the word interest to a larger meaning than what is generally given it, as it relates to our spiritual safety and welfare, as well as to our temporal. A man is glad to gain numbers on his side, as they serve to strengthen him in his private opinions. Every proselyte is like a new argument for the establishment of his faith. It makes him believe that his principles carry conviction with them, and are the more likely to be true when he finds they are comformable to the reason of others, as well as to his own. And that this temper of mind deludes a man very often into an opinion of his zeal, may appear from the common behaviour of the atheist, who maintains and spreads We are told by some of the Jewish rab-his opinions with as much heat as those bins, that the first murder was occasioned by a religious controversy; and if we had the whole history of zeal from the days of Cain to our own times, we should see it filled with so many scenes of slaughter and bloodshed, as would make a wise man very careful how he suffers himself to be actuated by such a principle, when it only regards matters of opinion and speculation.

who believe they do it only out of a passion for God's glory.

Ill-nature is another dreadful imitator of zeal. Many a good man may have a natural rancour and malice in his heart, which has been in some measure quelled and subdued oy religion; but if it finds any pretence of breaking out, which does not seem to him inconsistent with the duties of a Christian, it throws off all restraint, and I would have every zealous man examine rages in its full fury. Zeal is, therefore, a his heart thoroughly, and, I believe, he will great ease to a malicious man, by making often find, that what he calls a zeal for his him believe he does God service, whilst he is religion, is either pride, interest, or ill-gratifying the bent of a perverse revengeful nature. A man, who differs from another in temper. For this reason we find that most

of the massacres and devastations which | particulars, were laid together and formed have been in the world, have taken their rise from a furious pretended zeal.

I love to see a man zealous in a good matter, and especially when his zeal shows itself for advancing morality, and promoting the happiness of mankind. But when I find the instruments he works with are racks and giobets, galleys and dungeons: when he imprisons men's persons, confiscates their estates, ruins their families, and burns the body to save the soul, I cannot stick to pronounce of such a one, that (whatever he may think of his faith and religion) his faith is vain, and his religion unprofitable.

into a kind of creed, according to the opi
nions of the most celebrated atheists; I say,
supposing such a creed as this were form-
ed and imposed upon any one people in the
world, whether it would not require an
infinitely greater measure of faith, than
any set of articles which they so violently
oppose. Let me therefore advise this gene-
ration of wranglers, for their own and for
the public good, to act at least so consist-
ently with themselves, as not to burn with
zeal for irreligion, and with bigotry for
nonsense.
C.

No. 186.] Wednesday, October 3, 1711.
Cœlum ipsum petimus stultitia-

Hor. Lib. 3. Od. i. 38. High Heaven itself our impious rage assails.-P. UPON my return to my lodgings last night, I found a letter from my worthy friend the clergyman, whom I have given some account of in my former papers. He tells me in it that he was particularly pleased with the latter part of my yesterday's speculation; and at the same time inclosed the following essay, which he desires me to publish as the sequel of that discourse. It consists partly of uncommon reflections, and partly of such as have been already used, but now set in a stronger light.

inexcusable who tries to gain over a believer, because he does not propose the doing himself or the believer any good by such a conversion.

After having treated of these false zealots in religion, I cannot forbear mentioning a monstrous species of men, who one would not think had any existence in nature, were they not to be met with in ordinary conversation, I mean the zealots in atheism. One would fancy that these men, though they fall short, in every other respect, of those who make a profession of religion, would at least outshine them in this particular, and be exempt from that single fault which seems to grow out of the imprudent fervours of religion. But so it is, that infidelity is propagated with as much fierceness and contention, wrath and indignation, as if the safety of mankind depended upon it. There is something so ridiculous and perverse in 'A believer may be excused by the most this kind of zealots, that one does not know hardened atheist for endeavouring to make how to set them out in their proper colours. him a convert, because he does it with an They are a sort of gamesters who are eter-eye to both their interests. The atheist is nally upon the fret, though they play for nothing. They are perpetually teazing their friends to come over to them, though at the same time they allow that neither of them shall get any thing by the bargain. In short, the zeal of spreading atheism is, if possible, more absurd than atheism itself. Since I have mentioned this unaccountable zeal which appears in atheists, and infidels, I must farther observe, that they are likewise in a most particular manner possessed with the spirit of bigotry. They are wedded to opinions full of contradictions and impossibility, and at the same time look upon the smallest difficulty in an article of faith as a sufficient reason for rejecting it. Notions that fall in with the common reason of mankind, that are conformable to the sense of all ages, and all nations, not to mention their tendency for promoting the happiness of societies, or of particular persons, are exploded as errors and prejudices; and schemes erected in their stead that are altogether monstrous 'I must confess I do not know how to and irrational, and require the most ex-trust a man who believes neither heaven travagant credulity to embrace them. I nor hell, or in other words, a future state would fain ask one of these bigoted infidels, of rewards and punishments. Not only nasupposing all the great points of atheism, as the casual or eternal formation of the world, the materiality of a thinking substance, the mortality of the soul, the fortuitous organization of the body, the motions and gravitation of matter, with the like

"The prospect of a future state is the secret comfort and refreshment of my soul; it is that which makes nature look gay about me; it doubles all my pleasures, and supports me under all my afflictions; I can look at disappointments and misfortunes, pain and sickness, death itself, and what is worse than death, the loss of those who are dearest to me, with indifference, so long as keep in view the pleasures of eternity, and the state of being in which there will be no fears nor apprehensions, pains nor sorrows, sickness nor separation. Why will any man be so impertinently officious as to tell me all this is only fancy and delusion? Is there any merit in being the messenger of ill news? If it is a dream, let me enjoy it, since it makes me both the happier and better man.

tural self-love, but reason directs us to promote our own interests above all things. It can never be for the interest of a believer to do me a mischief, because he is sure upon the balance of accounts to find himself a loser by it. On the contrary, if he con

siders his own welfare in his behaviour to- | mankind more than the thought that Christ wards me, it will lead him to do me all the died for him? Or what dispose us to set a good he can, and at the same time restrain stricter guard upon the purity of our own him from doing me any injury. An unbe- hearts, than our being members of Christ, liever does not act like a reasonable crea- and a part of the society of which that imture, if he favours me contrary to his pre-maculate person is the head? But these sent interest, or does not distress me when it turns to his present advantage. Honour and good-nature may indeed tie up his hands; but as these would be very much strengthened by reason and principle, so without them they are only instincts, or wavering, unsettled notions, which rest on no foundation.

'Infidelity has been attacked with so good success of late years, that it is driven out of all its out-works. The atheist has not found his post tenable, and is therefore retired into deism, and a disbelief of revealed religion only.

'But the truth of it is, the greatest number of this set of men are those who, for want of a virtuous education or examining the grounds of religion, know so very little of the matter in question, that their infidelity is but another term for their ignorance. As folly and inconsiderateness are the foundations of infidelity, the great pillars and supports of it are either a vanity of appearing wiser than the rest of mankind, or an ostentation of courage in despising the terrors of another world, which have so great an influence on what they call weaker minds; or an aversion to a belief that must cut them off from many of those pleasures they propose to themselves, and fill them with remorse for many of those they have already tasted.

"The great received articles of the Christian religion have been so clearly proved, from the authority of that divine revelation in which they are delivered, that it is impossible for those who have ears to hear, and eyes to see, not to be convinced of them. But were it possible for any thing in the Christian faith to be erroneous, I can find no ill consequences in adhering to it. The great points of the incarnation and suffering of our Saviour, produce naturally such habits of virtue in the mind of man, that, I say, supposing it were possible for us to be mistaken in them, the infidel himself must at least allow that no other system of religion could so effectually contribute to the heightening of morality. They give us great ideas of the dignity of human nature, and of the love which the Supreme Being bears to his creatures, and consequently engage us in the highest acts of duty towards our Creator, our neighbour, and ourselves. How many noble arguments has St. Paul raised from the chief articles of our religion, for the advancing of morality in its three great branches!-To give a single example in each kind. What can be a stronger motive to a firm trust and reliance on the mercies of our Maker, than the giving his Son to suffer for us? What can make us love and esteem even the most inconsiderable of

are only a specimen of those admirable in forcements of morality, which the apostle has drawn from the history of our blessed Saviour.

If our modern infidels considered these matters with that candour and seriousness which they deserve, we should not see them act with such a spirit of bitterness, arrogance, and malice. They would not be raising such insignificant cavils, doubts, and scruples, as may be started against every thing that is not capable of mathematical demonstration; in order to unsettle the mind of the ignorant, disturb the public peace, subvert morality, and throw all things into confusion and disorder. If none of these reflections can have any influence on them, there is one that perhaps may, because it is adapted to their vanity, by which they seem to be guided much more than their reason. I would therefore have them consider that the wisest and best of men in all ages of the world, have been those who lived up to the religion of their country, when they saw nothing in it opposite to mo rality, and to the best lights they had of the divine nature. Pythagoras's first rule directs us to worship the gods as it is ordained by law," for that is the most natural interpretation of the precept. Socrates, who was the most renowned among the heathens both for wisdom and virtue, in his last moments desires his friends to offer a cock to Esculapius: doubtless out of a submissive deference to the established worship of his country. Xenophon tells us, that his prince (whom he sets forth as a pattern of perfection) when he found his death approaching, offered sacrifices on the mountains to the Persian Jupiter, and the Sun, "according to the custom of the Persians;' for those are the words of the historian.* Nay, the Epicureans and atomical philosophers showed a very remarkable modesty in this particular; for though the being of a God was entirely repugnant to their schemes of natural philosophy, they contented themselves with the denial of a providence, asserting at the same time the existence of gods in general; because they would not shock the common belief of mankind, and the religion of their country.'-L.

to avoid the persons he speaks of, that I been very much towards intrigue and havshall insert his letter at length.

ing intelligence with women of wit, my whole life has passed away in a series of impositions. I shall, for the benefit of the present race of young men give some account of my loves. I know not whether you have ever heard of the famous girl about town, called Kitty. This creature (for I must take shame upon myself) was my mistress in the days when keeping was in fashion. Kitty, under the appearance of being wild, thoughtless, and irregular in all her words and actions, concealed the most accomplished jilt of her time. Her negligence had to me a charm in it like that of chastity, and want of desires seemed as great a merit as the conquest of them. The

'MR. SPECTATOR,-I do not know that you have ever touched upon a certain species of women, whom we ordinarily call jilts. You cannot possibly go upon a more useful work, than the consideration of these dangerous animals. The coquette is indeed one degree towards the jilt; but the heart of the former is bent upon admiring herself, and giving false hopes to her lovers; but the latter is not contented to be extremely amiable, but she must add to that advantage a certain delight in being a torment to others. Thus when her lover is in the full expectation of success, the jilt shall meet him with a sudden indifference, and admi-air she gave herself was that of a romping ration in her face at his being surprised that girl, and whenever I talked to her with any he is received like a stranger, and a cast of turn of fondness, she would immediately her head another way with a pleasant scorn snatch off my periwig, try it upon herself in of the fellow's insolence. It is very proba- the glass, clap her arms a-kimbow, draw ble the lover goes home utterly astonished my sword, and make passes on the wall, take and dejected, sits down to his 'scrutoire, off my cravat, and seize it to make some sends her word in the most abject terms other use of the lace, or run into some other that he knows not what he has done, that unaccountable rompishness, until the time all which was desirable in this life is so sud- I had appointed to pass away with her was denly vanished from him, that the charmer over. I went from her full of pleasure at of his soul should withdraw the vital heat the reflection that I had the keeping of so from the heart which pants for her. He much beauty in a woman, who, as she was continues a mournful absence for some time, too heedless to please me, was also too unpining in secret, and out of humour with all attentive to form a design to wrong me. things which he meets with. At length he Long did I divert every hour that hung takes a resolution to try his fate, and ex-heavy upon me in the company of this creaplain with her resolutely upon her unaccountable carriage. He walks up to her apartment, with a thousand inquietudes, and doubts in what manner he shall meet the first cast of her eye; when, upon his first appearance, she flies towards him, wonders where he has been, accuses him This accident roused me into a disdain of his absence, and treats him with a fami- against all libertine women, under what apliarity as surprising as her former coldness. pearance soever they hid their insincerity, This good correspondence continues until and I resolved after that time to converse the lady observes the lover grows happy in with none but those who lived within the it, and then she interrupts it with some new rules of decency and honour. To this end inconsistency of behaviour. For (as I just I formed myself into a more regular turn now said) the happiness of a jilt consists of behaviour, and began to make visits, freonly in the power of making others uneasy.quent assemblies, and lead out ladies from But such is the folly of this sect of women, that they carry on this pretty, skittish behaviour, until they have no charms left to render it supportable. Corinna, that used to torment all who conversed with her with false glances, and little heedless unguarded motions, that were to betray some inclination towards the man she would insnare, finds at present all she attempts that way unregarded; and is obliged to indulge the jilt in her constitution, by laying artificial plots, writing perplexing letters from unknown hands, and making all the young fellows in love with her until they find out who she is. Thus, as before she gave torment by disguising her inclination, she now is obliged to do it by hiding her person.

་

As for my own part, Mr. Spectator, it has been my unhappy fate to be jilted from my youth upward; and as my taste has

ture, whom I looked upon as neither guilty nor innocent, but could laugh at myself for my unaccountable pleasure in an expense upon her, until in the end it appeared my pretty insensible was with child by my footman.

the theatres, with all the other insignificant duties which the professed servants of the fair place themselves in constant readiness to perform. In a very little time, (having a plentiful fortune,) fathers and mothers began to regard me as a good match, and I found easy admittance into the best families in town to observe their daughters; but I, who was born to follow the fair to no purpose, have by the force of my ill stars made my application to three jilts successively.

Hyæna is one of those who form themselves into a melancholy and indolent air, and endeavour to gain admirers from their inattention to all around them. Hyæna can loll in her coach, with something so fixed in her countenance, that it is impossible to conceive her meditation is employed only on her dress and her charms in that pos