India's Economic Reforms, 1991-2001India is the world's largest democracy, and second-largest developing country. For forty years it has also been one of the most dirigiste and autarkic. The 1980s saw most developing and erstwhile communist countries opt for market economic systems. India belatedly initiated similar reforms in 1991. This book evaluates the progress of those reforms, covering all of the major areas of policy; stabilization, taxation and trade, domestic and external finance, agriculture, industry, the social sectors, and poverty alleviation. Will India realize its great potential by freeing itself from the self-imposed constraints that have hindered its development? This is the important and fascinating question considered by this book. |
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Page 2
... remains to be done. Here we need devote only a few sentences to what has happened. Stabilization was achieved with remarkably little pain, compared with most counties that were in a similar critical situation. India now has adequate 2 ...
... remains to be done. Here we need devote only a few sentences to what has happened. Stabilization was achieved with remarkably little pain, compared with most counties that were in a similar critical situation. India now has adequate 2 ...
Page 3
... remain high even by the standards of developing countries. Foreign direct investment is now more welcome, and has risen substantially from very low levels. Although it is still controlled, and foreign ownership is mostly restricted to ...
... remain high even by the standards of developing countries. Foreign direct investment is now more welcome, and has risen substantially from very low levels. Although it is still controlled, and foreign ownership is mostly restricted to ...
Page 4
... remain untouched. Apart from gradualness a number of political economy features of the Indian reform process to date were pointed out. There was no strategy, no clear indication of the final nature of the regime that the reformers had ...
... remain untouched. Apart from gradualness a number of political economy features of the Indian reform process to date were pointed out. There was no strategy, no clear indication of the final nature of the regime that the reformers had ...
Page 10
... remains somewhat higher than is desirable. But public sector deficits absorb too much of the savings urgently needed for private investment, and imply levels of borrowing that are unsustainable in the long run. In Chapter 3 the ...
... remains somewhat higher than is desirable. But public sector deficits absorb too much of the savings urgently needed for private investment, and imply levels of borrowing that are unsustainable in the long run. In Chapter 3 the ...
Page 11
... remains, there are many other serious problems which have hardly been addressed. Much of the huge public sector makes losses. Public management is beset by constraints whose loosening is forever promised but never achieved ...
... remains, there are many other serious problems which have hardly been addressed. Much of the huge public sector makes losses. Public management is beset by constraints whose loosening is forever promised but never achieved ...
Contents
1 | |
13 | |
3Fiscal Policy and Trade Policy | 63 |
4Financial Sector Reform | 109 |
5Industrial Policy and Factor Markets | 171 |
6The Social Sectors Poverty and Reform | 219 |
7Summary and Afterthoughts | 247 |
Bibliography | 267 |
Index | 277 |
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India's Economic Reforms, 1991-2001 Joshi Vijay,Vijay Joshi,Ian Malcolm David Little Limited preview - 1996 |
Common terms and phrases
achieved agricultural allowed assets banks borrowing budget capital cent of GDP central Centre Chapter companies competition consider corporate cost countries crores current account deficit debt deposit direct discussed domestic economic effective efficiency employment enterprises estimates excise expenditure exports favour firms fiscal fiscal deficit foreign funds further given growth higher important improvement income increase India industry inflation inflows institutions interest interest rates investment issue labour lending less liberalization limit loans losses major measures Note operation output payments political poor poverty present primary problem production profitability programme promoters protection public sector raised reasons reduced reform regulation relative remain reserves restrictions result rise rural savings schemes securities share social structure subsidies suggested tariff taxation trade wages