likely to be suddenly and unexpectedly snatched from them, devour it with the greater haste and greediness. For whereas I intended thus to put an end to my lectures, and perceived that I was like forthwith to be silenced, I made no scruple to entertain you (contrary to my former usage) with much unpleasant and ill-dressed discourse, for I see I have incurred the displeasure and hatred of some, but whether deservedly or no, I shall leave to their consideration; for I am persuaded that those who have driven me from hence, would not suffer me to live any where, if it were in their power. But as for me, I willingly yield to the times, and if they can derive down to themselves any satisfaction from my calamity, I would not hinder them from it. But as Aristides, when he went into exile and forsook his country, prayed that they might never more think of him; so I beseech God to grant the same to my Fellow-Collegians, and what can they wish for more? Pardon me, my hearers, if grief has seized me, being to be torn from that place against my will, where I have passed the first part of my life, where I have lived pleasantly, and been in some honour and employment. But why do I thus delay to put an end to my misery by one word? Woe is me, that (as with my extreme sorrow and resentment I at last speak it) I must say, farewel my studies, farewel to these beloved houses, farewel thou pleasant seat of learning, farewel to the most delightful couversation, with you, farewel Young Men, farewel Lads, farewel Fellows, farewel Brethren, farewel ye beloved as my eyes, farewel ALL, farewel!"

Thus did he take his leave of his Lecture, Fellowship, and College, and was reduced at one blow to great poverty and desertion; but he found for some time a place of harbour in Broadgates Hall, in the same University. Here he met with some short gleams of comfort; for the REMEMBRANcer, No. 69.

University of Oxford, more kind than his College, and to alleviate the miseries of his shipwrecked estate, chose him to be her Orator, in which capacity he curiously penned a gratulatory Address to the Queen, on the behalf and in the name of the University: expressing in it the countenance of the Roman senators in the beginning of Tiberius's reign, exquisitely tempered and composed, to keep out joy and sadness, which both sirove at the same time to display their colours in it; the one for dead Augustus, the other for reigning Tiberius: and, upon the assurance of several of her nobles that the Queen would not change the established religion, expressing some hopes to that effect; their confidence being then increased by the promise the Queen had made to the Suffolk and Norfolk Gentry, who had rescued her out of the very jaws of ruin.

Being thus ejected out of all he had, he became obnoxious to the insolence and pride of all his enemies, which he endeavoured to allay by humility and compliance; which yet could not mitigate their rage and fury, but rather in all probability heightened their malice, and drew more affronts upon the meek

man.

But amongst all his enemies, none sought his ruin more eagerly than Dr. Martial, Dean of ChristChurch, who had changed his religion now twice already; and did afterwards twice or thrice more in the reign of Queen Elizabeth; he having neither conscience nor religion of his own, was wondrous desirous to make Jewel's conscience or life a papal sacrifice.

In order to this, he sends to Jewel by the Inquisitors a bead-roll of popish doctrines, to be subscribed by him, upon pain of fire and faggot, and other grievous tortures; the poor man having neither friend nor time allowed him to consult with, took the pen in his hand, and saying, "Have you a mind to see how well I can write?" subscribed his

3 X

name hastily, and with great reluct

ance.

But this no way mitigated the rage of his enemies against him, they knew his great love to, and familiarity with Peter Martyr, and nothing less than his life would satisfy these blood-hounds, of which Martial was the fiercest: so being forsaken by his friends for this his sinful compliance, and still pursued like a wounded deer by his enemies, but more exagitated by the inward remorses and reproaches of his own conscience, he resolved at last to flee for his life.

And it was but time; for if he had staid but one night longer, or gone the right way to London, he had perished by their fury. One Augustin Berner, a Switzer, first a servant to Bishop Latimer, and afterwards a Minister, found him lying upon the ground, almost dead with vexation, weariness (for this lame man was forced to make his escape on foot) and cold, and setting him upon an horse, conveyed him to the Lady Ann Warcupps, a widow, who entertained him for some time, and then sent him up to London, where he was in more safety.

Having twice or thrice changed his lodgings in London, Sir Nicholas Throgmorton, a great Minister of State in those times, furnished him with money for his journey, and procured him a ship for his transportation beyond the seas. And well it had been if he had gone sooner: but his friend Mr. Parkhurst hearing of the restoring of the Mass, fled forthwith; and poor Mr. Jewel knowing nothing of it, went to Cleave to beg his advice and assistance, being almost killed by his long journey on foot, in bitter cold and snowy weather, and being forced at last to return to Oxford, more dejected and confounded in his thoughts than he went out; which miseries were the occasions of his fall, as God's mercy was the procurer both of his escape and recovery.

Being once arrived at Frank

fort, in the beginning of the second year of Queen Mary's reign, he found there Mr. Richard Chambers, his old benefactor; Dr. Robert Horne, afterwards Bishop of Winchester; Dr. Sandys, Bishop of London; Sir Francis Knowles, a Privy Counsellor, and afterwards Lord Treasurer, and his eldest son, &c.: these received Jewel with the more kindness, because he came unexpectedly and unhoped for, and advised him to make a public recantation of his subscription; which he willingly did in the pulpit the next Lord's-day, in these words: "It was my abject and cowardly mind, and faint heart, that made my weak hand to commit this wickedness." Which when he had uttered as well as he could for tears and sighs, he applied himself in a fervent prayer, first to God Almighty for his pardon, and afterwards to the Church; the whole auditory accompanying him with tears and sighs, and ever after esteeming him more for his ingenuous repentance, than they would, perhaps, have done if he had not fallen.

As much of Mr. Jewel's sufferings in England had been occasioned by the great respect he had shewn to Peter Martyr whilst he lived at Oxford: so now Peter Martyr never left soliciting him to come to him to Strasburgh, where he was now settled and provided for, till he prevailed; where he took him to his own table, and kept him always with him.

And here Mr. Jewel was very serviceable to him in his edition of his Commentaries upon the Book of Judges, which were all transcribed for the press by him; and be used also to read every day some part of a Father to him, and for the most part St. Augustin, with which Father they were both much delighted.

At Strasburgh Mr. Jewel found J. Poynet, Bishop of Winchester; Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of York; Sir Edwin Sandys, J. Cheeke, and Sir Anthony Coke, and se

veral other great men of the English nation, who were fled thither for their religion; and with these he was in great esteem; which opened a way for his preferment upon his return into England, after the storm

was over.

Peter Martyr having been a long time solicited by the senate of Zuric to go thither, and take upon him the place of Professor of Hebrew, and Interpreter of the Scriptures, at last accepted the office, and carried Mr. Jewel with him to Zuric; where he chiefly lived still with Peter Martyr in his own family, until his return to England.

During all the time of his exile, which was about four years, he studied very hard, and spent the rest of his time in consoling and confirming his brethren; for he would frequently tell them, that when their brethren endured such bitter tortures and horrible martyrdoms at home, it was not reasonable they should expect to fare deliciously in banishment, concluding always: "Hæc non durabunt ætatem;" which he repeated so very often, and with so great an assurance of mind that it would be so, that many believed it before it came to pass, and more took it for a prophetic sentence afterwards.

Some of the English who had fled to Geneva and other places, which had adopted the model of Reformation settled by Calvin, beginning now to be infected with Calvinistic principles, and to produce a schism in the Church, by altering the Litur. gy, and adopting the forms of Geneva, Mr. Jewel being at Zuric, used his utmost endeavour to reclaim these men, and put a stop to this rising schism, exhorting them "as brethren to lay aside all strife and emulation, especially about such small matters; lest thereby they should greatly offend the minds of all good men; which thing (he said) they ought to have a principal care of."

The 17th of Nov. 1558, God re

membered the distressed state of the Church of England, and put an end to her sufferings, by removing that bigotted Lady, Queen Mary; the news of which flying speedily to our exiles, they hasted into England again, to congratulate the succession of Queen Elizabeth, of ever blessed memory.

His good benefactor and tutor, Mr. Parkhurst, upon the arrival of this news, made him a visit in Germany, but fearing Mr. Jewel had not chosen the safest way for his return to England, left him and went another way, which seeming more safe, in the end proved otherwise: Mr. Jewel arriving safely in England with what he had, whilst the other was robbed by the way; and so at his landing in England, Mr. Jewel (who was here before him), very gratefully relieved his former benefactor.

Upon his return to England, he had the comfort to find all things well disposed for the reception of the Reformation *.

He was entertained first by Mr.

* The Queen, by a proclamation of December 30, 1558, ordered that no man, of what quality soever he were, should presume to alter any thing in the state of religion, or innovate in any of the rites and ceremonies thereunto belonging, &c. until some further order should be taken therein. Only it was permitted, and withal required, that the Litany, the Lord's Prayer, the Creed, and the Ten Commandments, should be said in the English tongue, and that the Epistle and Gospel should be read in English at the time of the High Mass, which was done (saith Dr. Heylyn) in all the Churches of London, on the next Sunday after, being New Year's-day; and by degrees in all the other Churches of the kingdom: further than this, she thought it not convenient to proceed at the present, only she prohibited the elevation of the sacrament at the altar of the Chapel Royal :

which was likewise forborne in all other Churches: and she set at liberty all that had been imprisoned for religion in her

sister's time, and ordered the Liturgy to be

revised with great care, and that a Parliament should be summoned to sit at Westminster the 25th of January, 1559.

during the first 600 years, in proof of the several erroneous doctrines and practices of the Romish Church, which he distinctly enumerated.

This challenge being thus published in so great an auditory, startled the English papists both at home and abroad, but none more than such of our fugitives as had retired to Lovain, Doway, or St. Omer's, in the Low Country provinces belonging to the King of Spain. The business was first agitated by the exchange of friendly letters betwixt the said Reverend Prelate, and Dr. Henry Cole, the late Dean of St. Paul's; then more violently followed by others in books; but these were only velitations, or preparatory skirmishes, in reference to the main encounter, which was reserved for the Reverend challenger himself, and Dr. John Harding, one of the divines of Lovain, and the most learned of the College. The combatants were born in the same country, bred up in the same grammar school, and studied in the same University also:-both zealous Protestants in the time of King Edward, and both relapsed to Popery in the time of Queen Mary; Jewel for fear, and Harding upon hope of favour and preferment by it.

Some former differences had been between them in the Church of Sarum*, whereof the one was prebendary, and the other Bishop, occasioned by the Bishop's visitation of that Cathedral; in which as Harding had the worst, so was -it a presage of a second foil which he was to have in this encounter. Who had the better of the day, will easily appear to any that consults the writings, by which it will appear how much the Bishop was too hard for him at all manner of weapons. Whose learned answers, as well in maintenance of his challenge, as in defence of his Apology,

Harding was then prebendary when Mr. Jewel was elected, and gave his vote for him. Humpf. p. 140.

contain in them such a magazine of all sorts of learning, that all our controversors since that time, have furnished themselves with arguments and authority from it.

Queen Elizabeth having steadily rejected successive solicitations from the Popes, Paul IV. and Pius IV. as well as from France and Spain, to return to the papal authority,-insomuch that the latter Pope in vain attempted to procure leave for his Nuncio to come into England, in order to invite her and her Bishops to the Council of Trent,-one Scipio, a gentleman of Venice, who formerly had had some acquaintance with Bishop Jewel when he was a student in Padua, would needs spend some eloquence in labouring to obtain that point by his private letters, which the nuncio could not gain as a public minister; and to that end he writes his letters of expostulation to Bishop Jewel, his old friend, preferred not long before to the See of Sarum. Which letter did not long remain unanswered; that learned Prelate was not so unstudied in the nature of councils, as not to know how little of a general council. could be found at Trent: and therefore he returned an answer to the proposition so elegantly penned, and so elaborately digested, that neither Scipio himself, nor any other of that party, durst reply upon him. In the year following Bishop Jewel put out the Apology of the Church of England in Latin; which, though written by him, was published by the Queen's authority, and with the advice of some of the Bishops, as the public Confession of the Catholic and Christian Faith of the Church of England, &c. and to give an account of the reasons of our departure from the See of Rome, and as an answer to those calumnies that were then raised against the English Church and nation, for not submitting to the pretended general Council of Trent then sitting. So that it is not to be esteemed as the private work of a single Bishop, but as a