Stubbs has said (u.s., p. 122), "an act done by the king himself in his private council, 'per regem et secretum concilium.'" The safe conduct for their departure-how brutally and shamefully violated by the ship-masters of the Cinque Ports, Wykes and Matthew of Westminster tell us is dated July 27, 1290 (Rymer, 'Foed.,' vol. i. p. 736). The day fixed for their finally quitting England was All Saints' Day, Nov. 1. Any Jew, with some stated exceptions, found in England after that day was to be hanged or beheaded. E. VENABLES.

VEINS IN THE NOSE (7th S. vii. 25, 153). The superstition alluded to is one that prevails in the North Riding of Yorkshire. In Mr. R. Hunt's 'Popular Romances of the West of England,' p. 431, ed. 1881, is the following passage :

"A fond mother was paying more than ordinary attention to a fine healthy-looking child, a boy about three years old. The poor woman's breast was heaving with emotion, and she struggled to repress her sighs. Upon inquiring if anything was really wrong, she said the old lady of the house had just told her that the child could not live long, because he had a blue vein across his F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

пове.

WILLAM BLIGH (7th S. vii. 128).—Vice-Admiral Bligh lived at Farningham, in Kent, and died in Bond Street, London, whither he had gone to obtain medical advice. See 'Pitcairn,' by Rev. T. B. Murray (S.P.C.K.). The author adds :

"The remains of Admiral Bligh were deposited in a vault in the churchyard of the parish church of St. Mary, Lambeth. On the south side of the church is his tomb, which has been repaired and restored by the

Society of Arts."

This, I imagine, is conclusive; but a reference to the parish register would best remove your correspondent's doubts.

The insertion of this query gives me an opportunity of asking for further information about Bligh; I mean with regard to his conduct when in command of the Bounty. Though I have read a good deal about that celebrated mutiny, I have never met with Mr. Edward Christian's comments on the court-martial in which Bligh's conduct was put in an unfavourable light, nor with his own

answer to them. But a book has lately been published-I think by Ballantyne-under the title of The Lonely Island,' in which Bligh is spoken of by the disaffected officers as a Scoundrel," and certainly the language towards them attributed to him there is of the grossest kind. One would wish to know the real facts, for it is not pleasant to believe that so distinguished a navigator and so brave a man could be guilty of mean and ungentlemanly conduct.

Mr. Murray admits that he had occasional outbreaks of anger and excitement, in common with many naval commanders in those days, but says that it was his study to make his men comfortable and happy, and the truth of this statement would seem to be confirmed by several incidents related in the history of the voyage. Perhaps some of your readers may be able to throw light on the matter.

I should also much like to know whether there is authority for the account given in 'The Lonely Island' of the proceedings of the nine mutineers at Pitcairn, beyond the barest facts.

E. L. H. TEW, M.A. Hornsea Vicarage, E. Yorks.

Admiral William Bligh was born at St. Teath, in Cornwall, on Sept. 9, 1754; became a viceadmiral of the blue in June, 1814; died in Bond Street, London, on Dec. 7, 1817; and was buried in Lambeth Churchyard. He married Elizabeth Betham, of the Isle of Man ; she died at Durham Place, Lambeth, on April 15, 1812, aged sixty. The admiral's brother, the Rev. James Bligh, head master of Derby Free Grammar School, died Aug. 18, 1834, aged seventy-five. Of the admiral's children, Harriet Maria, the eldest daughter, died Feb. 26, 1856, having married in 1802 Henry Aston Barker, exhibitor of panoramas, who died July 19, 1856. The second daughter, Mary Bligh, died Dec. 10, 1863. She married (1) in 1804 John Patland, of Butler's Grove, Kilkenny, and (2) in 1810 Sir Maurice Charles O'Connell, K.C.H., who died at Sydney, Australia, May 26, 1848.

GEORGE C. BOASE.

36, James Street, Buckingham Gate, S. W.

Admiral Bligh lived at Farningham, and may have died there. As a child I have stayed at his house, and handled the bullet with which he weighed the food to his companions during their He was probably buried in London, as a mourning perilous voyage in an open boat after the mutiny. coach came there to fetch my father to his funeral. ALFRED GATTY, D.D.

[See 'N. & Q.,' 2nd S. ii. 411, 472; 4th S. vii. 432; ix. 534.]

ALEXANDER (7th S. vii. 128).-There can be no doubt that the reason of Alexander being so popular a name in Scotland is on account of the long reigns of Alexander II, and III. of Scotland.

JANE SHORE (7th S. vii. 68).-Bromley, in his 'Catalogue of Engraved British Portraits,' enumerates four portraits of this unfortunate woman : one by Bartolozzi, from a picture "at Dr. Peckard's, of Magd. Coll., Camb., done for Harding's Shakspeare, 1790," adding, in a note, that he was informed that this painting had been regularly traced up to its original possessor, Dean Colet"; another, by the same engraver, for the same work; a third, by Faber, sen., from a picture at Eton College; and a fourth, by Tyson, from a painting at King's College, Cambridge. I cannot say if the pictures still remain in their original positions.

JULIAN MARSHALL.

whom very little is known. Irving, in 'History of Scotish Poetry,' p. 483, has the following:"Samuel Colville was a poet of considerable reputation. He is described as a gentleman; an expression which is perhaps intended to signify that he belonged to no profession; and his name occurs in a bond of provision,' executed by his father on May 5, 1643. His popularity Whiggs Supplication' was circulated before it appeared as a poet seems at least to have equalled his merit. His in print, and manuscript copies of it are still to be found; it was published in the year 1681, and has passed through several editions. Colville is manifestly an imitator of Butler, but he displays a slender portion of Butler's wit and humour."

Alexander Hume inscribed his 'Hymnes or Sacred Songs' to Lady Culross, Colville's mother, author of A Godly Dream.' Colville is probably author of a theological work entitled 'The Grand Impostor Discovered; or, an Historical Dispute of the Papacy and Popish Religion, Part I. See Irving's 'Scotish Poets,' ii. 299.

Helensburgh, N.B.

THOMAS BAYNE.

MARK RIDLEY (7th S. vii. 68). He was the son of Launcelot Ridley, rector of Stretham, near Clare Hall, Cambridge, and proceeded M.A. in Ely, and was born in 1559. He was educated at 1584 and M.D. before 1592. In 1594 he was made a fellow of the College of Physicians, and to the English merchants there, and chief phyimmediately afterwards went to Russia as physician sician to the Czar, to which post he had been recommended by Lord Burghley. He remained there four years, and after the death of the Czar he was recalled by Queen Elizabeth, and received permission to return home. He fixed himself in London, and died before Feb. 14, 1623/4. For more particulars vide Munk, 'Roll of the Royal College of Physicians,' vol. i. p. 106, Lond., 1878. Besides his 'Short Treatise on Magneticall Bodies and Motions,' 1613, he wrote 'Magneticall Animadversions upon certaine Magneticall Advertisements lately published from Maister W. Barlow,' 1617, to which the Archdeacon of Salisbury replied, in 1618, with 'Magneticall Advertisements, whereunto is annexed a Breife Discoverie of the Idle Animadversions of Mark Ridley upon this Treatise.' DE V. PAYEN-PAYNE.

ALDERMEN OF LONDON (7th S. vii. 128, 177).— I am inclined to think the custom of removing from one ward to another has not been exercised by the Aldermen of London (except by the fathers of the City) since the removal of Sir Humphrey Edwin from Cheap to Tower Street ward, on Sept. 22, 1689. Certainly there have been none since the commencement of the eighteenth century. These removals are a source of serious confusion to the chronicler, some aldermen having passed through no fewer than five wards. The origin of the custom possibly arose in the period when

aldermen were permitted to hold office for one year only; although this limitation does not appear to have been very strictly enforced, unless they were re-elected to the same ward. But the custom developed into a prerogative (apparently during the sixteenth century) of exchanging or removing, in anticipation of occupying "the chair." What course was pursued in the event of no vacancy by death is not clear. The earliest instance I have noted is that of Henry Frowick, custos in 1272, from Cripplegate to Cheap; an instance not confirmed by Orridge, as he omits him from his list. Cheap ward apparently was the favourite one, doubtless on account of its more wealthy inhabitants. The period concerning which MR. PINK inquires-the Commonwealth-is the most defective and, at the same time, the most important. I know of no complete list of the Court of Aldermen between 1640 and 1671. The number of unattached aldermen is considerable, and the designation of such must be received with caution, being frequently used without any warrant. When the Corporation is more favourably inclined to open its records to serious and earnest inquirers, we shall know more of these things. Seeing that it is the custodian, simply, of these public records, one is inclined to doubt not only its right, but its policy also in this reserve.

It is too late, I presume, to protest against the introduction of the title Alderman into the County Councils as an ill-advised departure. The mischief may be minimized by ignoring it in addressing them, either in print or personally. Otherwise the confusion will become in time irremediable. JOHN J. STOCKEN.

16, Montague Street, W.C.

WHITEPOT (7th S. vii. 148).—The corporation of Wootton-under-Edge became extinct in 1886, when the mace, all remaining of its insignia, was presented to Lord Fitzhardinge, lord of the manor. The mace, the gift of Lord Berkeley in 1747, is of silver-gilt, and the head or bowl is so constructed that it can be taken off for use as a loving cup, and it was so used for "ye Spicey Bysshoppe" at the mayoral banquets.—

"The composition of the cup was as follows: a bottle of old port put into a wine warmer, with sufficient quantity of loaf sugar. Then roast a lemon nice and brown, and stick a dozen cloves into it. Place the lemon in the mace, and pour the hot wine over it."

The above is from 'The Corporation Plate and Insignia,' by the late Mr. Jewitt, now passing through the press under the able editorship of Mr. W. H. St. John Hope, F.S.A.

H. H. B.

CHARGE OF ENGLISH AND FRENCH REGIMENTS

(7th S. vi. 349, 495).—I find in the 'Life and Times Williams, vol. i. pp. 213-4, the following passages, of the late Duke of Wellington,' by Lieut.-Col. from either of which the incident referred to by the querist may have possibly had its source.

It was in 1811, during the third Spanish campaign, thathis advanced guard, consisting of 2,000 cavalry and a "Beresford......on the morning of the 23rd of March, brigade of infantry, under Col. Colborne, came up with the enemy, who, having heard of the advance of the British, were in the act of evacuating Campo Mayor. The French retreat was covered by a strong detachment of hussars, but these not being sufficient to beat off their pursuers, four regiments of dragoons advanced to their support. The 13th Light Dragoons and the French cavalry, then charging with loose reins, rode so fiercely up against each other that numbers on both sides were dismounted by the shock."

"At Fuentes d'Onor a similar exploit was performed by the 1st Regiment of Heavy Dragoons. They charged a mendous that many men and horses were overthrown on French regiment of cavalry, and the shock was so treeach side."

The chivalrous, not to say foolhardy, exploits performed that day (March 23) by the "undisciplined ardour" of the 13th met with a severe reprimand from Wellington. "If the 13th Dragoons," wrote he, "are guilty of this conduct, I shall take their horses from them, and send the officers and men to do duty at Lisbon." See 'Life' quoted, vol. i. 214. R. E. N. Bishopwearmouth.

p.

RADICAL REFORM (7th S. v. 228, 296; vi. 137, 275, 415; vii. 32).-The Marquis of Downshire, speaking in the House of Lords on March 26, 1798, is reported to have said :

The first two references are given in the Index to the Fifth Series under "Radical reform, first use of the term," while the next three appear under

"Reform, radical but moderate." Surely the same heading should be kept throughout the indices of "N. & Q' when the same subject is treated in more than one volume ! G. F. R. B.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (7th S. vi. 69).

A dreary place would be this earth, &c. This poem is by J. G. Whittier, and may be found in Child Life in Prose,' published by Houghton, Mifflin & Co., New York. EDWARD DAKIN.

6

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

Life of John Bunyan. By Edmund Venables, M.A. (Scott.) LIVES of the great dreamer of Elstow multiply upon us. New facts turn up but rarely, but the life of the author of the Pilgrim's Progress' fascinates men whose views of life are as wide as the poles apart. We are not sorry for this. Of most men-even great men-one good life is enough. A prime minister, a novelist, or an inventor, when once the facts of his life have been given to the world with lucidity and fulness of detail, may well be permitted to rest, at least for a generation; but it is not so with regard to the great imaginative intellects of the world. The influence of men such as Dante, Shakspeare, and Bunyan, is not only direct but also reflex. They touch our lives at a hundred points where the men of mere practical ability or governmental faculty are unfelt, and because this is so it is very desirable that, as well as one great standard life-if such can be come by-there should be a multitude of others appealing to all sorts and conditions of men. Dr. Brown, some two or three years ago, produced what we and, indeed, everyone else consider the standard life. Unless great future discoveries are made-a thing which is nearly impossible-it must remain for many years the book which the student will consult who desires to possess himself of all that is known and to be assisted in forming a picture of that unpleasant time in which Bunyan's later life was passed. Theologians, we believe, when discussing the moral responsibility of those who remain without needful knowledge on vital questions, when it is at hand if they but knew how to seek for it, call a certain kind of denseness ignorantia crassa. We know no other term that so well describes the state of mind in which so many of Bunyan's contemporaries permitted themselves to remain. How far they were responsible it is not for us to say. They were somewhat more humane than their great-grandfathers. It really would not have given them any gratification to burn the wonderful mystic who went about among them—they did not hate him enough for that. They had perhaps even got so far as to have arrived at the conclusion that he was not an impostor; but we are sure that they did not distinguish him from the hundreds of others who went about preaching, and who, when the press was free, in the Commonwealth time, poured forth tracts and pamphlets which it is now almost impossible to read. Of this dull time, and the stupid people who flourished in it, Dr. Brown has given an admirable picture. No one who has not tried knows the extreme difficulty of the undertaking. __It is not every artist who can paint a fog-bank, though Turner could.

Canon Venables has worked on a much smaller scale. He has not had room to tell us over again much that we were glad to hear from Dr. Brown. It was not needed. The details concerning Old Bedfordshire, once given, did

not require repeating; but it is quite another thing when we have to deal with the man himself and his works. As in the fierce modern controversies which have distracted his native land the poet of hell and heaven has seemed to be on the side of every fervid soul who has struggled for freedom or for faith, so among English-speaking people almost every grave and serious person has found the Bedfordshire tinker in harmony with his deepest convictions. We do not call in question the good faith of Rossetti, Balbo, or Hettinger, because the Dante that each has seen is so widely divergent from the vision vouchsafed to the others; yet the dissimilarity is probably not greater than the Bunyan that has appealed to the imaginations of Dr. Brown, Mr. Froude, and Canon Venables. It is well that it should be so. England is split up into endless factions, and it would be a bitter thing if one small section of our people should succeed in appropriating to themselves an intellect of such marvellous width of sympathy. Canon Venables, as the last interpreter, has had some advantages denied to his predecessors; yet, notwithstanding this, it would have been very easy to have built up a partisan biography, which would have been useless to all but those of one school. He has avoided this. We have before us a picture of the Calvinist mystic told from the standpoint of the great permanent thoughts which were at the bottom of his mind, not of the rubbish which floated at the top, a transient phase of thought which could not possibly bave existed at any other period than during the reign of Charles II.

The Holy Places of Jerusalem. By T. Hayter Lewis. (Murray.) In the days of our fathers little was known as to the holy places of Jerusalem beyond the traditional knowledge that had always been a possession of the Christian Church. This knowledge was blended with fable and pious dreaming to such an extent that sceptically minded people not a few were inclined to believe that no single site in the holy city could be identified with certainty. This was an error; but it could not be demonstrated to be such until the ground had been gone over by archæologists who approached their work without preconceived prejudices.

There are few cities in the world that have been wrecked so often and so thoroughly as the city of David. Except for a short time after its destruction by Titus it has never been uninhabited. But Roman, Moslem, and Christian, infidel, heretic, and orthodox have, from time to time, done their best to efface those landmarks which direct us in our endeavour to reconstruct a picture of the past. During the last thirty years the presses of Germany, France, and England have poured forth more volumes than we can remember concerning Jerusalem. Some few are mere rubbish, pious or sceptical dream fabrics, as the case may be—but the greater part add something to our knowledge of the past.

Mr. Lewis's volume is well illustrated, but not large. It is so pleasantly written that we are sorry that so much condensation has been employed. It can never supply the place of more elaborate and costly books; but as a guide to those who are about to visit the East, or to the far larger number of those who stay at home but wish to realize what was the character of that holy city for which Godfrey and Saladin fought, it will be invaluable. We must not look here for an attempt to untie the various knots which puzzle all who attempt to identify the various holy places. On this much has been written, but no conclusion has been reached which fully satisfies the dispassionate searcher after truth. Mr. Lewis's book is a handbook to the architecture of Jerusalem, not a guide to the religious and sentimental