quite extraneous to the word itself. To "move If I have been anticipated in this (suggested) 'MACBETH.'-Although in the dramatis persona of Macbeth' only "Hecate and Three Witches" are given, it is to be noticed that in the course of the tragedy six witches are brought together. In the first scene of the fourth act," the three witches" are discovered singing the incantation round the cauldron, then "enter Hecate and the other three witches." I believe that Shakspeare by the first three witches typified the Fates, and by the second the Furies. Hecate had recently declared respect Now look at the context. Does not "this sensible warm motion" contain a contrast to the line which precedes as well as to that which follows? It is an antithesis to the inert lifelessness suggested by the "cold obstruction" of the one, no less than by the "kneaded clod" of the other. In the first contrast there is no mixed metaphor at all, and in the second it is but slight. The cold obstruction and the kneaded clod are each, of course, a figure of death. Has an automatic toy any fitness as a figure of life? Would it free us of mixed metaphor? Has Shakspeare perpetrated a confusion of images worse confounded than that of making a "warming Macbeth that automaton" become a kneaded clod? This warm automaton will not work. Don Quixote once took a puppet for flesh and blood, but we really cannot take Claudio's flesh and blood for a puppet. The phrase "sensible warm motion" naturally inter-. preted is so apt an expression of the idea of living, breathing flesh and blood-is, in short, so inherently symbolical of life-that Milton ('Paradise Lost,' II. 146-151) makes one of the chiefs of the embattled seraphim speak of "sense" and "motion" as the essence of even celestial existence : 'JULIUS CESAR,' III. i.—In the edition of Shakespeare's plays edited by Mr. Howard Staunton (Routledge & Co., 1860) several readings are suggested of the disputed passage in the speech of Brutus over Cæsar's body : For your part, To you our swords have leaden points, Mark Antony: Our arms, in strength of malice, and our hearts, Of brothers' temper, do receive you in With all kind love, good thoughts, and reverence. Of the suggested readings by Mr. Collier's annotator, Mr. Dyce, and Mr. Singer, none is approved by Mr. Staunton, who suffers the passage to remain as it is (I presume) in the First and succeeding Folios. It may have been corrected in later editions than that of Mr. Staunton, and by other editors; but if not, will you allow me to propose an emendation-a very simple one-not of the word supposed to be corrupt by the foregoing editors, "malice," but of the little word "in"? Make this "no," which I have little doubt was written by Shakespeare, and the passage becomes perfectly intelligible and grammatical : Our arms no strength of malice. The He shall spurn fate, scorn death, and bear NOTES BY SIR W. DUGDALE UPON WHITELOCKE'S 'MEMORIALS.'-Among the Clarendon MSS. is preserved the following paper of notes, in the handwriting of Sir W. Dugdale, for corrections of statements in Whitelocke's well-known book, published in 1682, and again in 1732, to which the bracketed pages refer: Memorialls of the English Affaires, &c., P. 58b [86]. He says the Archbpp. of Canterbury [Abbot] was suspended by reason he refused to license the printing of Dr. Sibthorp's Sermon.-This is a mistake, for it was by reason of his Killing the keeper. P. 56 a [58 b]. He says the L Paget came to the King at Yorke.-I believe he came not to him till he came to Oxford with the Earle of Holand. Dugdale is wrong. Paget came to the king at York on June 17, 1642. P. 60 b [63 b]. He says that about the beginning of November, 1642, Pr. Rupert and Pr. Maurice arrived in England. They were both at Edghill battell 23 Oct., 1642, and at Shrewsbury long before. Whitelocke, or his transcriber for the press, has evidently written November by mistake for SepRupert' did in the latter month, as well as his tember, as he goes on to mention what Prince presence at Edgehill. Rupert came to England in August. horse were routed at Edg Hill fight.-This is very false. P. 61 b [64 b]. He says the left wing of the King's Ib. He says the number slayn there were 5,000.-A grand mistake, for upon buriall of the bodies they did not amount to one thousand, as I can sufficiently prove. Five thousand is also the number given by Clarendon; but the difference in the accounts of the battle is well known. P. 66 a [69]. The manner of the Lord Brooke's death at Litchfield much mistaken. P. 64 b [68]. He says that the Scots army came a° 1642-3] into England over the Tine to assist the Parliament. This is a mistake, for they came not in till the 15th of January, 1643[-4]. Whitelocke mentions the entry of the Scots subsequently, and correctly, under January, 1643/4. P. 77 a [81]. Sir Edw. Dering's going from Oxford to the Parliament.-The reasons not so as he relateth. owne judgment, and excuse the presse by the Authors absence, who best was acquainted to reade his owne hande." 3. So at the close of N. Breton's 'The Wil of Wit,' &c., 1599-a bit recalled to my memory by Mr. Tyler-there is at its close :— "What faults are escaped in the printing, finde by discretion, and excuse the Author, by other worke that let him from attendance to the Presse; Non hà che non så. P. 79 b [83]. He says the Earle of Carlisle deserted the King and came in to the Parliament.-There was no-N. B. GENT." Earle of Carlisle at that time. Here again Dugdale is wrong. There was an Earl of Carlisle (the second) at that time, but he appears to have lived in Barbadoes. P. 101 a [106]. Sir Richard Grenevile made Baron of Lestithiell. No such thing. P. 102a [107]. The fire in Oxford burnt the fourth part of the citty.-Not the 20th part. Wood's account shows that it was nearer a fourth part than a twentieth. P. 198 b [202]. That upon the King's escape from Oxford the Duke of Richmond, Earle of Lindsey, Sir Wm Fleetwood, and others, came in to Col. Raynsborough, and did cast themselves on the mercy of the Parliament, whereupon the[y] were ordered to be sent prisoners to Warwick Castle. A great mistake. P. 271 b [269]. Propositions sent to the King from the Officers of the Army, lower than those from the Parliament, and that the BPP disswaded the King, against his own judgment, from yeilding to them.-Very false. Many more errors and mistakes upon a serious perusall of the volume may (no doubt) be found. Alas for the fallibility of historians even of their own times! The above list of supposed mistakes shows that they may be about equally divided between Whitelocke and Dugdale. W. D. MACRAY. WERE PROOFS SEEN BY ELIZABETHAN AUTHORS? -It is generally stated that they were not. And doubtless authors living in the country did not receive proofs from a Loudon printer, but had to trust to the supervision of "a reader," sometimes, as appears from the 'Return from Parnassus,' a disappointed university man. But the following instances will, I think, make it tolerably clear that proof-sheets were seen by town authors if they wished it : 4. Similarly in 'The Mastive or Young Whelpe of the Olde-Dogge, Epigrams and Satyres,' 1615, we find : "The faults escaped in the Printing (or any other omission) are to be excused by reason of the Authors absence from the Presse, who thereto should have given more due instructions." 5. As another very strong proof I would refer to the accuracy of Jonson's quartos, and more especially of his first folio, not only as to the words, but as to the very careful punctuation, a punctuation which is clearly his own, and not that of his compositor. Certainly there are occasional, but very occasional, word errors, and more in the quartos than in the folio; but as to these I would remark that no one but those who have tried know how readily a press error may escape notice, and, secondly, that Jonson was notoriously over-ford of liquor stronger than milk and water. 6. I would also urge that the corrections and alterations made while copies of the edition, say of a play, were being printed off must have been due to earlier sheets having been seen by the author. The press "reader," having once finished his work and passed it, was not at all likely to revise it while it was passing through the press, especially when, as in the case of a play, it was almost a pamphlet. And, secondly, there is the fact that some of these alterations could not have come but from the author. BR. NICHOLSON. medium of N. & Q.,' that a good work would be ANNUALS.-Permit me to suggest, through the done by anybody who should take the trouble of giving us an extended account of these once popular publications. They are all, or nearly all, extinct 1. When Scot's 'Hop-Garden' was first pub-now, but from the year 1823 to about 1845 they lished in 1574, the publisher inserted this note :"Forasmuch as Master] Scot could not be present at the printing of this his Booke, whereby I might have used his advise in the correction of the same, and especiallie of the Figures and Portratures conteyned therein, whereof he delivered unto me such notes as I being unskilfull in the matter could not so thoroughly conceyve, nor so perfect expresse as......the Authour, or you," &c. 2. At the end of Bishop Babington's 'Exposition of the Lord's Prayer,' 1588-as communicated to me by my friend Mr. W. G. Stone-there is the following: "If thou findest any other faultes either in words or distinctions [, I presume," in punctuation "] troubling a perfect sence (Gentle Reader), helpe them by thine formed a great part of the light reading of the then rising generation. Many of them have now become rare; very few are to be found except on the shelves of the great libraries. Though containing rubbish, there is something of interest in nearly every volume. Much useful information concerning them is to be found in Watts's 'Life of Alaric Watts' and Madden's 'Life of the Countess of Blessington.' ANON. GEORGE DARLEY. In a recently published volume of "Poems of the late George Darley...... Printed for Private Circulation" (Liverpool, A. Holden), I find a very beautiful lyric, which must be as familiar to many of your readers as it has 4 been to me ever since I knew what poetry was. privately printed by William Pollard, of North The first verse is as follows: It is not Beauty I demand, A crystal brow, the moon's despair, Nor the snow's daughter, a white hand, Nor mermaid's yellow pride of hair. A note informs us that this poem was "published in Archbishop Trench's 'Household Book of English Poetry,' but without the author's name." It will also be found in the Golden Treasury,' where it is placed in the second book, which, according to the editor, embraces "the latter eighty years of the seventeenth century." No author's name is given, nor is there any note upon it.. I have considerable respect for George Darley's memory, but I do not think he ever wrote so exquisite a lyric as this, and I should be glad to ト know if it was not, as I suspect, well known long เ before his time. HERBERT E. CLARKE. 10, Benson Road, Forest Hill, S.E. "TO JOIN THE GREAT MAJORITY."-Mr. J. Chamberlain, in his specch on the death of John Bright in the House of Commons on March 29, said: "And now that he has passed away, now that-in a beautiful figure, which he himself was the first to use -now that he has gone to join the great majority.' May not this be worth recording in 'N. & Q.'? J N. B. [Other correspondents draw attention to the utterance of Mr. Chamberlain, and to the insertion of the word great.] BOGUS WORDS. - Possessors of Jamieson's 'Scottish Dictionary' will do well to strike out the fictitious entry cietezour, cited from Bellenden's 'Chronicle' in the plural cietezouris, which is merely a misreading of cietezanis (i. e., with Scottish z=3=y), cieteyanis, or citeyanis, Bellenden's regular word for citizens. One regrets to see this absurd mistake copied from Jamieson (unfortunately without acknowledgment) by the compilers of Cassell's Encyclopaedic Dictionary.' Some editions of Drayton's 'Barons' Wars,' bk. vi. st. xxxvii., read— And ciffy Cynthus with a thousand birds, which nonsense is solemnly reproduced in Campbell's 'Specimens of the British Poets,' iii. 16. It may save some readers a needless reference to the dictionary to remember that it is a misprint for cliffy, a favourite word of Drayton's. J. A. H. M. ERROR AS TO SARUM COLOURS.-Any additional evidence should be welcome to prove that the opinion that the Sarum ritual colours were only white and red is unfounded. Inventories prove otherwise. Take, for example, some facts in the late Rev. H. T. Éllacombe's valuable 'History of the Parish of St. Mary, Bitton, in Gloucestershire,' Street, Exeter (part i., 1881, part ii., 1883). Vol. i. p. 95, are mentioned black mortuary mass vestments, bequeathed by a lady to St. Katharine's altar in Bitton Church. The vestments were of black chamlet, and the priest was "to pray tenderly" for the souls of the lady's ancestors. It may be answered that these were mortuary masses, and therefore prove nothing as to the general custom of ritual colours in other masses. And in Rouen Cathedral, at vespers of the dead, I have myself observed that the priests and cantors had black copes with silver (i. e., ritually white) orphreys. But this is only as an illustration. Ib. is mentioned a cope of "blak velvett" (sic) and "a cope of blake [sic] chamlett, embroidered with garters of gold and silk," and also a cope of purple velvet. Moreover, in Mr. William Money's admirable little monograph on 'Parish Church Goods in Berkshire,' there are several proofs, from inventories made and returned at the Reformation, that church vestments (and chasubles in particular, and of course "vestment" means strictly a chasuble with orphreys and stole, the alb being assumed) were blue, green, and purple. These facts destroy, if such destruction were necessary, the complete error that black, blue, green, and purple as ritual colours are purely Roman, and not Sarum also. Green vestments are also mentioned in Britton's 'Salisbury,' p. 85. I may add as an illustration that in a German picture gallery (Munich, I think, or possibly Ratisbon) I have myself seen a picture (of "Cologne school") of a deacon's martyrdom, in which the orphreys of the saint's dalmatic were blue. But here possibly, as one or two of your recent correspondents have shown, the blue may not have been used as a ritual colour, but as a symbol mystically of perfection. But my chief hope now has been to break down by fair appeal to ancient English sacred archæology the notion that Sarum had only H. DE B. H. two ritual colours. turned to the cycle of verbal coinage, when the slightest pretext is seized upon to give birth to a new verb, I venture to draw the reader's attention to a paper On New Words,' which appeared in the Annual Register for 1772. Although the style of that paper is rather pedantic, differing in every respect from MR. C. A. WARD's sublime definition of the "dress of thought,"* yet I cannot but think the article instructive in so far as it absolutely marks the birth of two words still in common use namely, flabbergasted and bored : VERBAL COINAGE.-As we seem to have re "Anon, everything was the barber: if even a chimney sweeper ran against a decent person, he was the barber; * Style should, like a star, dart its rays of light through the night of thought.-N. & Q.,' 7th 8. v. 444. the barber presently turned into the shaver, and we were trimmed by the shaver from St. James's to Wapping. Now we are flabbergasted and bored from morning to night-in the senate, at Cox's Museum, at Ranelagh, and even at church." The writer concludes by appealing to the editor to exert all his influence to extirpate the race of insignificants at whom he has pointed. The editor's foot-note is in itself consoling: "I am informed by a curious gentleman [says the guileless editor] who keeps an exact list of these animals, that they have diminished in number three hundred within these two months." To which I humbly echo, "Great Scott! behold the birth of 'Pigottism' in the Senate." RICHARD EDGCUMBE. 33, Tedworth Square, Chelsea. DOG-WATCHES.-The following note, signed Charles Armfield, appears in a recent number (March, 1889) of the Daily Telegraph, and it seems worthy of being embalmed in N. & Q.':— "During the naval manoeuvres of 1887 I was with Admiral Baird's squadron as a guest of a relative of mine, and one day at dinner I asked what was the derivation of dog-watch.' The answer came immediately: 'It is a corruption of dodge watch: by means of it the crews get their hours of keeping watch continually changed; without it a man once on watch from twelve to four would always be on watch at those hours; but by having the short or dog watch this injustice is dodged, and each man only gets his fair share of duty in the small hours of the morning. Much of the sailors' lingo' may easily be traced to corruptions similar to the one under discussion," E. WALFORD, M.A. 7, Hyde Park Mansions, N.W. 'ROBINSON CRUSOE.'-The first edition of this famous book is well known to be very scarce. The fact that a copy is exhibited in the British Museum (Case 13 in the King's Library) is sufficient evidence of this. It has also been published in facsimile by Stock. Having lately become possessed of a copy of the original first edition, I have been surprised to find that the "facsimile," though on the whole very good, is not quite accurate in the engraved preface, where one would have expected extra care. In the original the word "apply" is spelt "apyly." This is not followed. There are also some other slight discrepancies in the preface (the lines not all ending with the same words). I should be glad to know whether any other happy possessor of an original 'Crusoe' can confirm my statements. Though there were no fewer than four editions published in the first year (1719), mine appears to be the first, and is so considered by an experienced second-hand bookseller who has seen it. The date of first issue is April 25. The book contains 364 pages, exclusive of preface (two pages) and four pages at the end of advertisements of "Books Printed for and Sold by William Taylor at the Sign of the Ship in Pater-Noster-Row." I shall be happy to give further particulars of my book to any one interested. WM. A. CLARKE. Chippenham, Wilts. "IDOL SHEPHERD " (Zech. xi. 17), in the New Version "worthless shepherd."-Now this question has cropped up again, it may find a fit place in N. & Q.' An "idol" is a counterfeit, and an "idol shepherd" is a counterfeit shepherd-one who sets himself up for the adoration of his congregation. His motto is "admire me," not "worship God." The New Version quite misses the idea. The Pharisees of old, who did their good deeds to be seen of men, were idol shepherds." E. COBHAM Brewer. SIR JAMES THORNHILL AND RAPHAEL'S CARTOONS.-The plate opposite to p. 48 in Hogarth (1822) has the following note engraved upon it :— "Mr. Walpole, in his 'Anecdotes of Painting,' &c., vol. iv. p. 22, speaking of the cartoons at Hampton Court, observes that Sir James Thornhill, having made copious studies of the heads, hands, and feet, intended to publish an exact account of the whole for the use of students, but this work has never appeared." On seeing this recently I remembered a torn bundle of old tracings which came into my possession some years ago, and on carefully separating them I find that they answer fully to the description of the "copious studies" above mentioned. They number over two hundred, and are fairly well preserved. On one of them is written "Legg of St Andrew, J. T. 1729." Is it probable that these are the original tracings, and that the note is Sir James Thornhill's? If so, may not some of them be Hogarth's work, as the date is that of the year preceding his elopement with Sir James's daughter? Lawton. RB. RB. TEETH WIDE APART A SIGN OF GOOD LUCK. (See 1st S. vi. 601.)—In the note referred to the connexion between wide apart teeth and good luck is limited to no particular teeth. In France the connexion would seem to be limited to the two upper central incisors, as will be seen from the following quotation from 'Les Contes du Réveillon,' by H. Datin, Paris, 1888, in the tale called 'Le Pavillon No. 4' (p. 256), viz. :— "Les deux principales incisives de la mâchoire supérieure étaient un peu distancées l'une de l'autre...... On prétend, dis-je, que ces dents légèrement écartées et du bonheur." ne se joignant pas sont l'indice certain de la chance et F. CHANCE. Sydenham Hill. PURRE.-In Thomas Becon's 'Displaying of the Popish Mass' (Parker Society, p. 280) purre is spoken of as a call for pigs. A note on the passage informs the reader that Bishop Latimer used this word in the same sense. I have not, however, succeeded in finding it in his writings. I trust the word may have a place in the forthcoming 'Dialect Dictionary.' Whether it be extinct or not now I cannot tell. Check is the word I have always heard used for this purpose. I am sure that the pigs with whom I have been acquainted would not understand purre. ASTARTE. Queries. We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest, to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct. PRESBYTERIANISM UNDER THE COMMONWEALTH. -There is in the Bodleian a copy of the minutes of the Bolton Classis of the Commonwealth time, one of the nine classes into which the province of Lancaster was divided on the organization of the Presbyterian system in that county (1646). Of this Walker says (Sufferings of the Clergy, p. xxv), "A copy of the proceedings of the second class in Lancashire, sent me by the late Rev. Mr. Gipps, Rector of Bury, near Manchester." And in the Bodleian copy (which is this same one of Walker's) Walker has written "Mr. Gipps...... communicated to me a transcript of these proceedings (but not done by an accurate hand), and this is a transcript from that transcript, not done by an accurate hand neither." Is the original volume anywhere in existence, or is anything known of it, or of any other volumes similarly illustrating the history of Presbyterianism under the Commonwealth? WM. A. SHAW. THOMAS OTWAY.-The 'Biographia Dramatica' attributes to this dramatist a translation from the French entitled A History of the Three Triumvirates.' I cannot find the book in Lowndes. What is the title of the original work; and who is the author? URBAN. SECOND DRAGOONS, ROYAL SCOTS GREYS.-Can any correspondent tell me of the existence of any picture or print showing the early uniform of this regiment? There is an oil painting in Windsor Castle, and an illustration in a MS. book in the British Museum, showing the uniforms of 1745 and 1752. I cannot find anything earlier. The historical records of the regiment mention a series of prints published in 1742, but do not say where they can be seen. The first troops of the regiment were raised in 1678. In 1681 these were constituted a regiment, under the title of the Royal Regiment of Scots Dragoons. In 1707 this was changed to the Royal Regiment of North British Dragoons. A few years ago this was altered to Royal Scots Greys, the name Scots Greys having been long used previously as a secondary title. When the regiment was added to the English tablishment in 1688, it took rank as the 4th Regiment of Dragoons. In 1713, after official inquiry, it became the 2nd Regiment. But regiments seem not to have been known by their numbers till the reign of George II. At Ramillies, in 1706, the Greys captured the colours of the Regiment du Roi; and at Dettingen, in 1743, they took the famous white standard of the French household cavalry. Are any representations of these trophies known to exist? A. E. WELBY, Major Scots Greys. 13, Queen Anne's Gate, S.W. JAMES MACRAE, Governor of MADRAS, 17251731.-Does any one who reads this happen to know whether there exists any portrait of the R. M. above named? EUCHRE.—What is the etymology of this name for a game of cards, played originally, I believe, in the United States? I have met with only one attempt at an explanation, and that is in the Encyclopædia Britannica.' It is there stated that it has been supposed that the word euchre is a metamorphosis of écarté. But this is incredible. A. L. MAYHEW. WHETMAN.-A Mr. Whetman, vinegar merchant, entertains the Fellows of the Royal Society after they have heard Denne preach a sermon at St. Leonard's, Shoreditch, June 4, 1750. Dr. Stukeley, in his MS. journal, says he had an elegant house by Moorfields, "A pleasant place, encompassed in gardens well stored in all sorts of curious flowers and shrubs, where we spent the day very agreeably, enjoying all the pleasures of the country in town, with the addition of philosophical company." Would this be on the site of Champion's Vinegar Yard, City Road? Is there anything to show that Champion succeeded C. A. WARD. Whetman? Walthamstow. IRVINE, OR IRWIN, OF BONSHAW Tower, DUMFRIESSHIRE, N. B.-Can any one inform me where I can find the pedigree of the Irvines, or Irwins, of Bonshaw Tower, Dumfriesshire, N.B. ? One of the family was historiographer to King James IV. of Scotland, and fell at Flodden Field. Any information as to pedigrees of the Irish branches of the family (especially of Roxborough and Streamstown) gladly received. No information is required respecting the Irvines of Drum, Aberdeenshire, who came from Bonshaw Tower originally. The pedigree of Eyles Irwin also desired. S. T. ANTRObus. Chiverton, Bournemouth, |